Fundamental changes in light scattering associated with infection of marine bacteria by bacteriophage
Fundamental changes in light scattering associated with infection of marine bacteria by bacteriophage
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DOI：
10.4319/lo.2002.47.5.1554
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发表时间：
2002-09-01
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Ashe, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Balch, WM;Vaughn, JM;Ashe, A
细菌和浮游植物是海洋固有光学特性的关键决定因素。尽管海洋病毒的丰度很高，但由于它们的散射截面很小，人们通常认为它们在海洋光学中扮演的角色很小。然而，特定病毒感染对细菌和浮游植物的光学性质的作用仍然是未知的（即，因为病毒破坏微米大小的宿主细胞以产生亚微米细胞碎片）。在这里，我们使用实验室和围隔培养的海洋细菌的病毒感染实验中，生长条件和宿主病毒特异性进行控制。我们报告说，主要的光学影响的病毒是与感染和裂解其主机。我们定量描述，第一次，两个光学变化与感染和裂解的海洋细菌噬菌体：（1）快速，强烈的变化的幅度和形状的光学体积散射函数和（2）快速生产的彩色溶解有机物质。定性地，这些变化导致混浊的宿主细菌悬浮液几乎完全澄清。虽然在实验室培养物与田间种群中的细菌感染之间预期会有一些光学差异（主要是因为细胞大小的差异），但这些结果适用于田间，特别是对于密集的宿主悬浮液，如水华。即使在nonbloom的情况下，只要宿主细菌贡献了显着的总粒子后向散射量，我们预计，病毒引起的后向散射的变化将通过使用卫星或飞机遥感技术检测。
Bacteria and phytoplankton are key determinants of the ocean's inherent optical properties. Despite their high abundance, marine viruses have generally been thought to play a minor role in ocean optics because of their small scattering cross-sections. Nevertheless, the role of specific viral infection on the optical properties of bacteria and phytoplankton has remained unknown (i.e., as viruses disrupt micron-sized host cells to produce submicron cell debris). Here, we used laboratory and mesocosm cultures of marine bacteria for virus infection experiments in which growth conditions and host-virus specificity were controlled. We report that the chief optical impact of viruses is associated with infection and lysis of their hosts. We quantitatively describe, for the first time, two optical changes associated with infection and lysis of marine bacteria by bacteriophage: (1) rapid, strong shifts in the magnitude and shape of the optical volume scattering function and (2) rapid production of colored dissolved organic material. Qualitatively, these changes result in nearly complete clearing of turbid host bacterial suspensions. Although some optical differences would be expected between infection of bacteria in laboratory cultures versus field populations (mainly because of differences in cell size), these results are applicable to the field, especially for dense host suspensions such as in blooms. Even in nonbloom situations, as long as the host bacteria contribute a significant amount of the total particle backscattering, we expect that virus-induced backscattering changes would be detectable by use of satellite or aircraft remote-sensing techniques.