Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase
Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase
复制标题
DOI：
10.5772/67494
复制
发表时间：
2017-05
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kourosh Masoumeh Arami;Behnam Jameie;Seyed AkbarMoosavi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kourosh Masoumeh Arami;Behnam Jameie;Seyed AkbarMoosavi
一氧化氮合酶（NOS）是一种黄血红素蛋白，调节一氧化氮（NO）的合成，具有双重生物活性：在低浓度下作为血管舒张和神经传递中的重要信号分子，在高浓度下作为防御性细胞毒素。在中枢和外周神经系统中，神经元型一氧化氮合酶（nNOS）产生的NO参与调节突触可塑性、学习、记忆和神经发生等生理功能，并且在某些病理条件下，过量产生的NO可导致高活性物质的产生，如过氧亚硝基和稳定的亚硝基硫醇，这些物质可导致兴奋性毒性、缺血、帕金森、阿尔茨海默病（AD）和抑郁症。NOS衍生的NO还通过外周氮能神经参与血压调节、平滑肌松弛和肠道扩张。
Nitric oxide synthase (NOS), a flavo‐hemoprotein, regulates nitric oxide (NO) synthesis that has dual biological activities: as an important signalling molecule in vasodilatation and neurotransmission at low concentrations and at higher concentrations as a defensive cytotoxin. In central and peripheral nervous system, neuronal NOS (nNOS) produces NO that has been implicated in modulating physiological functions such as synaptic plasticity, learning, memory and neurogenesis as well as some pathological conditions in which overproduction of NO may lead to the generation of highly reactive species, such as peroxynitrite and stable nitrosothiols, which may cause irreversible cell damage in excitotoxicity, ischaemia, Parkinson, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and depression. NOS‐ derived NO also involves in regulation of blood pressure, smooth muscle relaxation and gut peristalsis via peripheral nitrergic nerves.