A COMPUTERIZED APPROACH TO PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS OF LIFE HISTORIES OBTAINED IN SAMPLE SURVEYS
A COMPUTERIZED APPROACH TO PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS OF LIFE HISTORIES OBTAINED IN SAMPLE SURVEYS
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DOI：
10.1002/bs.3830140204
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发表时间：
1969-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
LITZLER, L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BALAN, J;BROWNING, HL;LITZLER, L
无可否认，生活史提供了许多优势，尤其是在检查行为序列方面。生活史的高成本和分析大量数据的困难限制了其在案例研究中的使用。在对墨西哥蒙特雷1640名男性的抽样调查中，系统地获取了居住、教育、婚姻状况和家庭形成、健康损害、工作等方面的部分生活史。回答的可靠性问题，特别是回忆错误，在生活史的评估中具有特殊意义。通过以下方式最大限度地减少了状态变更的遗漏、顺序不当和变更日期： 系统记录，其中必须考虑所有年份；主要通过在受访者生活的几个重要领域之间来回移动来促进回忆；通过访谈计划其他部分中的类似问题来检查回答的一致性。在处理数据时，仅对每个变量内容的变化进行编码并打孔在卡片上。编写了一个特殊的 FORTRAN 程序，以允许从“变化”数据卡在计算机磁带上重建整个生命史。该程序还允许形成新的指数变量并折叠其他变量。分析的最大灵活性是可能的，因为生活史中任何给定记录的事件都可以参考年龄和年份、其他事件以及调查问卷中收集的其他信息来“定位”。通过这种方式，可以更接近地进行因果分析。随机模型和路径分析是非常适合此类数据的统计技术的示例。本文中概述的数据收集和处理程序适用于从政治行为到精神疾病的许多其他类型的调查。
Life histories undeniably offer many advantages, especially in examining sequences of behavior. Their high cost and difficulties in analyzing large numbers have restricted the use of life histories to case studies. In a sample survey of 1640 men in Monterrey, Mexico, partial life histories were systematically obtained on residence, education, marital status and family formation, health impairment, and work.Problems of reliability of response, particularly recall error, are of special significance in the evaluation of life histories. Omission of changes in status, improper ordering and dating of changes were minimized by: systematic recording, in which all years had to be accounted for; facilitation of recall, primarily by moving back and forth among several important areas of respondent's life; checks on consistency of response, by means of similar questions in other parts of the interview schedule.In processing the data only changes in the content of each of the variables were coded and punched on cards. A special FORTRAN program was written to permit the reconstruction of the entire life histories on computer tape from the “change” data cards. The program also allows for the formation of new index variables and collapsing of others.Maximum flexibility of analysis is possible since any given recorded event in the life history can be “located” with reference to age and year, to other events and to the other information gathered in the questionnaire. In this way a closer approximation to causal analysis is made possible. Stochastic models and path analysis are examples of statistical techniques well suited for these kinds of data.The data gathering and processing procedures outlined in this article are applicable to many other kinds of investigation, ranging from political behavior to mental illness.