Grass strategies and grassland community responses to environmental drivers: a review
Grass strategies and grassland community responses to environmental drivers: a review
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DOI：
10.1007/s13593-015-0314-1
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发表时间：
2015-06
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Laíse Silveira Pontes;V. Maire;J. Schellberg;F. Louault
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Laíse Silveira Pontes;V. Maire;J. Schellberg;F. Louault
草原约占地球陆地面积的四分之一，目前估计为超过 8 亿人的生计做出了贡献。草原主要通过提供牛奶和肉类来提供生态系统产品和服务。因此，正确利用草原对于到 2050 年养活地球上 90 亿人口至关重要。在气候变化的背景下，我们应该更好地了解个人、社区和生态系统层面的环境、管理和牧草作物之间的相互作用。功能生态学关注物种在其所在的群落或生态系统中所发挥的作用和功能。因此，功能生态学旨在了解植物物种如何适应环境条件以及管理如何改变这种适应。在这里，我们回顾了植物功能性状研究的最新进展以及针对草原生态系统中主要环境因素（养分利用率、放牧、砍伐和遮荫）的物种策略。功能生态学还提供了一个框架，以更好地理解物种策略如何与群落层面的物种组成相互作用。因此，还回顾了与草原管理和服务最相关的生态系统过程相关的群落组装理论的文献。最后，为草原专家提出了未来的研究问题和一些新的方向，以应对在全球变化面前保持生产力和保护这些半自然环境的挑战。
Grassland covers about one quarter of the Earth’s land area and is currently estimated to contribute to the livelihoods of over 800 million people. Grassland provides ecosystem goods and services, mainly through the provisioning of milk and meat. Therefore, the proper use of grasslands will be essential for feeding the nine billion people that will inhabit planet Earth by 2050. In the context of a changing climate, we should better understand the interactions of environment, management and grass crop at individual, community and ecosystem levels. Functional ecology focuses on the roles and functions that species play in the community or ecosystem in which they occur. Functional ecology thus aims to understand how plant species adapt to environmental conditions and how management can alter this adaptation. Here, we review the latest advances in plant functional traits research and on species strategies to the main environmental factors occurring in grassland ecosystems: nutrient availability, grazing, cutting and shading. Functional ecology also provides a framework to better understand how species strategies interact with the species composition at the community level. Therefore, the literature on community assembling theories in relation to ecosystem processes most relevant to grassland management and services is also reviewed. Finally, future research questions and some new orientations for grassland experts are offered in order to meet the challenge of maintaining productivity and preservation of these semi-natural environments in the face of global change.