Hyperinnervation improves Xenopus laevis limb regeneration
Hyperinnervation improves Xenopus laevis limb regeneration
复制标题
过度神经支配可改善非洲爪蟾肢体再生
DOI：
10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.10.007
复制
发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
and Akira Satoh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kazumasa Mitogawa;Aki Makanae;and Akira Satoh
非洲爪蟾（一种无尾两栖动物）的肢体再生能力介于有尾目两栖动物和羊膜动物之间。非洲爪蛙可以启动肢体再生，但无法形成有图案的肢体。再生肢体主要由锥形软骨组成，没有任何关节或分支。这些模式缺陷被认为是由于模式相关基因的正确表达缺失引起的。这项研究表明，过度神经支配手术导致了分支再生的诱导。过度神经支配的芽基允许对控制这种肢体再生模式的分子进行识别和功能分析。本文重点研究神经对再生过程中爪蟾肢体模式形成能力的影响。还研究了调节肢体模式的神经分子。在神经支配过度的前肢中生长的胚基上调肢体模式相关基因（shh、lmx1b、andhoxa13）。将轴突投射到四肢的神经表达一些生长因子（bmp7、fgf2、fgf8 和shh）。将这些因素输入胚基会上调一些与肢体模式相关的基因，并导致再生体中软骨模式的变化。这些结果表明，额外的神经因子增强非洲爪蟾肢体模式相关基因的表达和肢体再生能力，并且bmp、fgf和shhare是候选神经替代因子。
Xenopus laevis(an anuran amphibian) shows limb regeneration ability between that of urodele amphibians and that of amniotes.Xenopusfrogs can initiate limb regeneration but fail to form patterned limbs. Regenerated limbs mainly consist of cone-shaped cartilage without any joints or branches. These pattern defects are thought to be caused by loss of proper expressions of patterning-related genes. This study shows that hyperinnervation surgery resulted in the induction of a branching regenerate. The hyperinnervated blastema allows the identification and functional analysis of the molecules controlling this patterning of limb regeneration. This paper focuses on the nerve affects to improveXenopuslimb patterning ability during regeneration. The nerve molecules, which regulate limb patterning, were also investigated. Blastemas grown in a hyperinnervated forelimb upregulate limb patterning-related genes (shh, lmx1b,andhoxa13). Nerves projecting their axons to limbs express some growth factors (bmp7, fgf2, fgf8,andshh). Inputs of these factors to a blastema upregulated some limb patterning-related genes and resulted in changes in the cartilage patterns in the regenerates. These results indicate that additional nerve factors enhanceXenopuslimb patterning-related gene expressions and limb regeneration ability, and thatbmp, fgf,andshhare candidate nerve substitute factors.