Two Conceptions of Language
Two Conceptions of Language
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语言的两种概念
DOI：
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Peter M. S. Hacker
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Peter M. S. Hacker;Peter M. S. Hacker
两种不同的语言观支配着哲学对人类语言本质和人类语言权力的思考。第一种是把语言看作意义的演算，把理解看作计算解释。这一概念植根于函数论逻辑的迫切需要。这个概念的关键是真理，真理条件，意义和力量，命名和描述（表示），以及自然语言的意义理论。另一种概念是人类学的概念，它认为语言首先是人类交际行为的一种形式，由人类实践构成，并表现在人类行动中。这一概念的核心概念是实践、语言游戏、使用和使用规则，这些概念是由意义解释、理解和理解标准所赋予的。这些概念的基本原则，通知每一个解释。微积分语言观的根本缺陷暴露无遗。
Two different conceptions of language dominate philosophical reflection on the nature of human language and of human linguistic powers. The first is the conception of language as a calculus of meaning, and of understanding as computational interpretation. This conception is rooted in the exigencies of function-theoretic logic. The notions pivotal to this conception are truth, truth-condition, sense and force, naming and describing (representation), and theory of meaning for natural languages. The alternative conception is an anthropological one, which conceives of language above all as a form of human communicative behaviour, constituted by human practices and manifest in human action. The notions pivotal to this conception are practice, language-game, use and rule of use as given by explanations of meaning, understanding and criteria of understanding. The fundamental principles that inform each of these conceptions are explained. The radical flaws of calculus conceptions of language are laid bare.