Characterization of Amphidinium (Amphidiniales,Dinophyceae) species from the China Sea based on morphological, molecular, and pigment data
Characterization of Amphidinium (Amphidiniales,Dinophyceae) species from the China Sea based on morphological, molecular, and pigment data
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基于形态、分子和色素数据对中国海两栖类（Amphidiniales、Dinophyceae）物种进行表征
DOI：
10.1007/s00343-021-1049-2
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Haifeng Gu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhaohe Luo;Hua Zhang;Qun Li;Lei Wang;Hala F Mohamed;Songhui LÜ;Haifeng Gu
前沟藻是潮间带桑迪生态系统中数量最多的底栖甲藻之一。它们中的一些能够产生各种生物活性化合物，这些化合物可能具有有害影响和药用潜力。通过对2012 - 2020年采集的中国沿海沿着浅沃茨的沙、珊瑚和大型海藻样品进行单细胞分离，研究了前沟藻的多样性。利用光学显微镜（LM）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对其形貌进行了观察。共鉴定出74株前沟藻，分别属于11种：前沟藻A. carterae，A. gibbosum，赤壳藻A. operculatum，A. massartii、松褐拟步行虫A.参见massartii、松褐拟步行虫A. fijiensis、A. pseudomassartii、拟马氏棘球绦虫A. steinii、黑腹拟步行虫A. thermaeum，A. theodori，A. Tomasii，以及一个未定义的物种。后7种在我国沃茨未见报道。前沟藻（Amphidinium carterae）亚支I、II和IV在南海发现，而亚支III仅在黄海发现。在亚支III和V的表面观察到丝状体鳞，支持A. carterae可能包含几个不同的物种。大亚基核糖体RNA（LSU rRNA）序列分析表明，前沟内有两个类群（类群I和类群II），这与沟的相对位置（是否与扣带接触）相一致。此外，A. operculatum（Amphidinium的模式种）和其他物种，表明可能需要Amphidinium的细分。采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）对所有菌株的色素谱进行了分析。检测到11种色素，包括多甲藻素、甲藻黄素、硅藻黄素、脱镁叶绿酸（和脱镁叶绿酸a）、花药黄素、β-胡萝卜素和4种不同的叶绿素。前沟藻中脱镁叶绿酸/脱镁叶绿酸a的高比率意味着它可能是作为光敏剂（一种众所周知的抗癌药物）的天然来源的良好候选者。
Amphidinium species are amongst the most abundant benthic dinoflagellates in marine intertidal sandy ecosystems. Some of them are able to produce a variety of bioactive compounds that can have both harmful effects and pharmaceutical potentials. The diversity of Amphidinium in shallow waters along the Chinese coast was investigated by isolating single cells from sand, coral, and macroalgal samples collected from 2012 to 2020. Their morphologies were subjected to examination using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A total of 74 Amphidinium strains were morphologically identified, belonging to 11 species: A. carterae, A. gibbosum, A. operculatum, A. massartii, A. cf. massartii, A. fijiensis, A. pseudomassartii, A. steinii, A. thermaeum, A. theodori, A. tomasii, as well as an undefined species. The last seven species have not been previously reported in Chinese waters. Amphidinium carterae subclades I, II, and IV were found in the South China Sea, while subclade III was only found in the Yellow Sea. Threadlike body scales were observed on the surface of subclades III and V, supporting the idea that A. carterae might contain several different species. Large subunit ribosomal RNA (LSU rRNA) sequences-based phylogeny revealed two groups (Groups I and II) within Amphidinium, which is consistent with the relative position of sulcus (in touch with cingulum or not). In addition, large differences in morphology and molecular phylogeny between A. operculatum (the type species of Amphidinium) and other species, suggest that a subdivision of Amphidinium might be needed. The pigment profiles of all available strains were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Eleven pigments, including peridinin, diadinoxanthin, diatoxanthin, pheophorbide (and pheophorbide a), antheraxanthin, β-carotene, and four different chlorophylls were detected. The high pheophorbide/pheophorbide a ratio in Amphidinium implies that it may be a good candidate as a natural source of photosensitizers, a well-known anticancer drug.