Concentration level, health risk assessment and source apportionment of nitrosamines in PM2.5 in Urumqi during winter time
Concentration level, health risk assessment and source apportionment of nitrosamines in PM2.5 in Urumqi during winter time
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DOI：
10.1016/j.apr.2023.101756
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发表时间：
2023-04
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Juanmei Wang;Xiaolong Zhou;Zhenyu Hua;Na Jiang;Xiang He
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Juanmei Wang;Xiaolong Zhou;Zhenyu Hua;Na Jiang;Xiang He
大气颗粒物中的含氮有机物（NOCs）是形成棕色碳的重要物质。N-亚硝胺是一类对人类有致癌作用的NOCs。采用气相色谱-串联三重四极杆质谱（GC-MS/MS）多反应监测（MRM）模式对乌鲁木齐市PM2. 5中的9种亚硝胺进行了分析。目的是揭示冬季亚硝胺的浓度水平，评估致癌风险，并确定可能的排放源。结果表明，总亚硝胺浓度范围为1.54至23.22 ng m−3，日平均值为4.47 ng m−3。其中N-亚硝基二甲胺（NDMA）、N-亚硝基二丁胺（NDBA）、N-亚硝基二乙胺（NDEA）、N-亚硝基吡咯烷（NPYR）和N-亚硝基二苯胺（NDPhA）是主要的亚硝胺化合物，占亚硝胺总量的80%以上。亚硝胺在每种致癌物中的平均浓度分别为2.68、1.45和0.34 ng m−3。累积终生癌症风险评估表明，成人每天暴露于亚硝胺浓度1小时会导致每百万人口中1.15例癌症病例。基于相关性分析和正矩阵因子分析，NDMA和NDBA主要来源于水处理消毒过程、垃圾填埋场、烹饪和机动车尾气; NPYR和NDEA主要来源于烹饪和烟草燃烧。NDPhA与其它亚硝胺呈负相关，可能是大气反应源所致.这些发现不仅引起了对PM2. 5中亚硝胺的系统研究，而且为区域大气污染物的监测和管理提供了新的视角。
Nitrogen-containing organic compounds (NOCs) in atmospheric particulate matter are important species for the formation of brown carbon. N-nitrosamines are a class of NOCs which are carcinogenic to humans. In this paper, nine nitrosamines of PM2.5were analyzed by gas chromatography-tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) in a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode in Urumqi, Xinjiang. The aim is to reveal the concentration level, assess the carcinogenic risk and identify the possible emission source of nitrosamines during winter time. The results show that total nitrosamine concentrations range from 1.54 to 23.22 ng m−3, with a daily average of 4.47 ng m−3. N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosodi-n-butylamine (NDBA), N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) and N-nitrosodiphenylamine (NDPhA) are predominant compounds for more than 80% of the total nitrosamines. The average concentrations of nitrosamines in each carcinogenic classification are 2.68, 1.45, and 0.34 ng m−3, respectively. Cumulative lifetime cancer risk assessment indicates that adult exposure to nitrosamine concentrations of 1 h per day results in 1.15 excess cancer cases per million population. Furthermore, based on correlation analysis and Positive Matrix Factorization, NDMA and NDBA may from disinfection process for water treatment, landfills, cooking and vehicle exhaust; NPYR and NDEA may be mainly emitted from cooking and tobacco combustion. However, NDPhA presents a negative correlation with other nitrosamines, probably resulting from the atmospheric reaction source. These findings not only draw attention to the systematic research of nitrosamines in PM2.5but also provide a new perspective on the monitoring and management of regional air pollutants.