PRO-SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN MIDDLE CHILDHOOD - A LONGITUDINAL-STUDY
PRO-SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN MIDDLE CHILDHOOD - A LONGITUDINAL-STUDY
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DOI：
10.1037/0012-1649.23.5.712
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发表时间：
1987-09-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
MATHY, RM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
EISENBERG, N;SHELL, R;MATHY, RM
本研究的目的有三个：（a）在7年的时间里检查亲社会道德判断的变化，（B）确定亲社会道德判断的发展是否存在性别差异，以及（c）检查道德判断，情感（移情）和童年中期行为的相互关系。参与者是两组已经被跟踪了5年和7年的儿童，以及两组在9-10岁或11-12岁时首次接受采访的儿童。享乐主义推理随着年龄的增长而减少;简单的以需求为导向的道德判断随着年龄的增长而增加，然后趋于平稳;大多数其他更复杂的推理类型随着年龄的增长呈线性增长。推理模式，最明确地反映了角色扮演或同理心的使用增加与年龄的女孩，但不为男孩。同理心是正相关的需求为导向的判断和更高层次的亲社会推理和享乐主义的推理呈负相关（取决于儿童的年龄）。同理心在11-12岁时与捐赠呈正相关，但在9-10岁时则不相关。行为和推理之间的关系取决于特定行为的结构和成本。结果进行了讨论，在有关理论和研究发展变化的道德推理和可能的调解人的亲社会发展。
The purpose of this study was threefold:(a) to examine change in prosocial moral judgment over a 7-year period,(b) to determine whether there are gender differences in the development of prosocial moral judgment, and (c) to examine the interrelations of moral judgment, affect (empathy), and behavior in middle childhood. Participants were two groups of children who have been followed for 5 and 7 years and two groups of children interviewed for the first time at either ages 9–10 or 11–12. Hedonistic reasoning decreased with age; simple needs-oriented moral judgments increased with age and then leveled off; most other more sophisticated types of reasoning increased in a linear fashion with age. Modes of reasoning that most explicitly reflect role taking or empathy increased in use with age for girls but not for boys. Empathy was positively related to needs-oriented judgments and to higher-level prosocial reasoning and was negatively related to hedonistic reasoning (depending on the age of the children). Empathy was positively related to donating at 11–12 years of age but not at 9–10 years of age. Relations between behavior and reasoning varied depending on the structure and costs of a specific behavior. The results are discussed in relation to theory and research concerning developmental change in moral reasoning and possible mediators of prosocial development.