Ecosystem impacts of hypoxia: thresholds of hypoxia and pathways to recovery
Ecosystem impacts of hypoxia: thresholds of hypoxia and pathways to recovery
复制标题
缺氧对生态系统的影响：缺氧阈值和恢复途径
DOI：
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Daniel J. Conley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Alexandra Steckbauer;Carlos M. Duarte;Jacob Carstensen;R. Vaquer;Daniel J. Conley
全球沿海地区的沿海缺氧正在加剧，在那里它被认为是对生物群的主要威胁。预防缺氧和恢复已经受到缺氧影响的生态系统的管理努力在很大程度上是基于减少营养的计划。然而，这些管理工作需要通过对缺氧阈值(即保护生物多样性所需的氧气水平)以及恢复已经受到缺氧影响的生态系统的时间表的预测来提供信息。沿海生态系统的缺氧阈值比以前认为的要高，而且不是一成不变的，而是受当地和全球进程调节的，对气候变暖特别敏感。对一些沿海地区(亚得里亚海北部、黑海、波罗的海、特拉华湾和丹麦沿海地区)为减少营养物质输入而管理的恢复过程的审查表明，恢复正常氧气条件后的恢复时间比缺氧开始后丧失的时间长得多，而且通常涉及十年时间。生态系统从低氧中恢复的滞后时间延长导致了由于滞后和基线漂移而导致的非线性恢复路径，随着时间的推移影响了低氧的氧气阈值。
Coastal hypoxia is increasing in the global coastal zone, where it is recognized as a major threat to biota. Managerial efforts to prevent hypoxia and achieve recovery of ecosystems already affected by hypoxia are largely based on nutrient reduction plans. However, these managerial efforts need to be informed by predictions on the thresholds of hypoxia (i.e. the oxygen levels required to conserve biodiversity) as well as the timescales for the recovery of ecosystems already affected by hypoxia. The thresholds for hypoxia in coastal ecosystems are higher than previously thought and are not static, but regulated by local and global processes, being particularly sensitive to warming. The examination of recovery processes in a number of coastal areas managed for reducing nutrient inputs and, thus, hypoxia (Northern Adriatic; Black Sea; Baltic Sea; Delaware Bay; and Danish Coastal Areas) reveals that recovery timescales following the return to normal oxygen conditions are much longer than those of loss following the onset of hypoxia, and typically involve decadal timescales. The extended lag time for ecosystem recovery from hypoxia results in non-linear pathways of recovery due to hysteresis and the shift in baselines, affecting the oxygen thresholds for hypoxia through time.