DECISION UTILITY, THE BRAIN, AND PURSUIT OF HEDONIC GOALS.
DECISION UTILITY, THE BRAIN, AND PURSUIT OF HEDONIC GOALS.
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DOI：
10.1521/soco.2008.26.5.621
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发表时间：
2008-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Aldridge JW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Berridge KC;Aldridge JW
大脑对享乐目标效用的表征如何指导人们决定是否追求它？我们在这里的重点是大脑机制的奖励效用在特定的决策时刻在生活中运作。当你遇到一个图像、声音、气味或其他与你过去的特定奖励相关的线索时；或者只是生动地想象那个暗示。这样的提示通常会引发突然的动机冲动去追求这个目标，有时会决定这样做。在试图戒烟的吸毒者中，对成瘾药物的暗示可能会引发冲动，这种冲动会上升到强迫性的强度，尽管之前承诺要戒酒，导致他们决定再次吸毒。不管是正常的还是上瘾的，冲动和决定很可能在遇到提示之前就已经缺乏了。如果没有遇到提示，追求提示奖励的决定可能永远不会发生。为什么这些线索能暂时支配决策？答案涉及大脑中边缘多巴胺机制，该机制放大奖励线索的激励显著性，选择性地提高决策效用，以触发对目标的“渴望”。我们描述了对“欲望”的大脑边缘发生器的情感神经科学研究，这些研究揭示了线索是如何触发他们对目标的追求的，无论是在正常情况下，还是在非理性目标追求的强烈条件下。
How do brain representations of the utility of a hedonic goal guide decisions about whether to pursue it? Our focus here will be on brain mechanisms of reward utility operating at particular decision moments in life. Moments such as when you encounter an image, sound, scent or other cue associated in your past with a particular reward; or perhaps just vividly imagine that cue. Such a cue can often trigger a sudden motivational urge to pursue that goal, and sometimes a decision to do so. In drug addicts trying to quit, a cue for the addicted drug might trigger urges that rise to compulsive levels of intensity, despite prior commitments to abstain, leading to the decision to relapse into taking the drug again. Normal or addicted, the urge and decision may well have been lacking immediately before the cue was encountered. The decision to pursue the cued reward might never have happened if the cue had not been encountered. Why can such cues momentarily dominate decision making? The answer involves brain mesolimbic dopamine mechanisms that amplify the incentive salience of reward cues, selectively elevating decision utility to trigger “wanting” for the goal. We describe affective neuroscience studies of brain limbic generators of “wanting” that shed light on how cues trigger pursuit of their goals, both normally and even under intense conditions of irrational goal pursuit.