ALTERING MEMORY REPRESENTATIONS THROUGH RETRIEVAL
ALTERING MEMORY REPRESENTATIONS THROUGH RETRIEVAL
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DOI：
10.1037/0278-7393.11.2.371
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发表时间：
1985-01-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
MASSON, MEJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
MCDANIEL, MA;MASSON, MEJ
一系列实验研究了不同的初始检索经历对记忆的影响。在所有条件下，受试者都在单词列表上执行语义和音素编码任务。然后，受试者要么接受改变提示类型（语义与音素）的提示回忆测试，要么接受改变陪衬类型的双选择强迫选择识别测试，不立即测试，或者接受第二个编码任务。二十四小时后，所有受试者都进行了最终的提示回忆测试，该测试改变了提示的类型（语义或音素）。立即提示回忆，以及在较小程度上第二编码，主要在编码水平和延迟提示类型不匹配时促进延迟回忆。然而，立即识别对延迟回忆产生了不同的促进模式。有人认为，这些发现支持这样的观点，即初始提示回忆和第二次编码任务会产生对现有记忆表示的详细阐述，从而增加编码信息的可变性。
A series of experiments investigated the influence of different initial retrieval experiences on memory. In all conditions, subjects performed semantic and phonemic encoding tasks on a word list. Then subjects either received a cued-recall test that varied the type of cue (semantic versus phonemic), a two-alternative forced-choice recognition test that varied the type of foil, no immediate test, or a second encoding task. Twenty-four hours later, all subjects performed a final cued-recall test that varied the type of cue (semantic or phonemic). Immediate cued recall, and to a lesser extent a second encoding, facilitated delayed recall primarily when the level of encoding and the type of delayed cue were mismatched. Immediate recognition, however, produced a different pattern of facilitation in delayed recall. It is argued that the findings support the idea that initial cued-recall and second encoding tasks produce an elaboration of an existing memory representation that increases the variability of encoded information.