Learning from Errors: Error-Related Neural Activity Predicts Improvements in Future Inhibitory Control Performance
Learning from Errors: Error-Related Neural Activity Predicts Improvements in Future Inhibitory Control Performance
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.4337-08.2009
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发表时间：
2009-06-03
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Mattingley, Jason B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hester, Robert;Madeley, Janelle;Mattingley, Jason B.
失误后不能调整表现是许多神经和精神疾病的衰弱症状。健康的个体很容易调整他们的行为以应对错误，这种能力被认为是由后内侧额叶皮层（pMFC）提供的。然而，当人类重新遇到几分钟或几天前失败的情况时，他们是如何适应性地改变认知控制行为的，这一点尚不清楚。利用功能性磁共振成像技术，我们检测了参与者在“去/不去”反应抑制任务中的神经活动，该任务为参与者提供了从错误中学习的机会。当他们无法抑制自己的反应时，他们会在下一次“不去”实验中看到同样的目标刺激，在第一次实验之后，这个实验可能会进行20次。对于最初的错误，随后被纠正的pMFC内的活动明显大于后来在显示序列中重复的错误。此外，尽管在错误和下一个不去刺激之间有相当长的间隔（平均12次试验），但错误期间的pMFC活动预测了未来的反应。我们的研究结果表明，认知控制表现的变化可以通过错误相关活动来预测。在最近的成功期间发生适应性变化的可能性增加，这与主张结果预期影响的错误相关活动模型是一致的（Holroyd和Coles, 2002； Brown和Braver， 2005）。这一发现也可能有助于解释精神分裂症等临床病症中与错误相关的神经活动减少，以及这些临床群体中持久性行为的倾向。
Failure to adapt performance following an error is a debilitating symptom of many neurological and psychiatric conditions. Healthy individuals readily adapt their behavior in response to an error, an ability thought to be subserved by the posterior medial frontal cortex (pMFC). However, it remains unclear how humans adaptively alter cognitive control behavior when they reencounter situations that were previously failed minutes or days ago. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we examined neural activity during a Go/No-go response inhibition task that provided the opportunity for participants to learn from their errors. When they failed to inhibit their response, they were shown the same target stimulus during the next No-go trial, which itself could occur up to 20 trials after its initial presentation. Activity within the pMFC was significantly greater for initial errors that were subsequently corrected than for errors that were repeated later in the display sequence. Moreover, pMFC activity during errors predicted future responses despite a sizeable interval (on average 12 trials) between an error and the next No-go stimulus. Our results indicate that changes in cognitive control performance can be predicted using error-related activity. The increased likelihood of adaptive changes occurring during periods of recent success is consistent with models of error-related activity that argue for the influence of outcome expectancy (Holroyd and Coles, 2002; Brown and Braver, 2005). The findings may also help to explain the diminished error-related neural activity in such clinical conditions as schizophrenia, as well as the propensity for perseverative behavior in these clinical groups.