Do readers with autism make bridging inferences from world knowledge?
Do readers with autism make bridging inferences from world knowledge?
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.jecp.2006.11.002
复制
发表时间：
2007-04-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Frith, Uta
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Saldana, David;Frith, Uta
自闭症患者经常表现出文本阅读理解障碍。这通常归因于阅读时推断能力差以及对相关知识的获取不足。当前的研究通过测量阅读与物理或社会世界知识相关的同一问题所需的时间来测试这一假设，当该问题与前面的两句话小插图所引发的桥接推论相关或无关时。在这项研究中，16 名正常发育的青少年和 16 名自闭症青少年在单词阅读准确性、实际年龄和词汇量方面进行了匹配，但在文本理解方面存在显着差异。发现了强烈的启动效应，对参与者和项目都很强大；参与者阅读那些与小插图引发的推论相关的问题的速度比阅读那些不相关的问题的速度快，并且没有发现与小组成员或知识类型的互动。这表明，患有自闭症的读者，就像对照组一样，在阅读小插图时，正在激活由隐含推论引发的适当的世界知识。因此，这些读者的理解问题不能归因于无法做出隐含的推论或利用相关的世界知识。相反，我们建议必须在更高层次的文本处理中寻找这些问题。 (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. 保留所有权利。
Individuals with autism frequently show impairments in text reading comprehension. This often is attributed to poor ability to draw inferences during reading and to inadequate access to relevant knowledge. The current study tested this hypothesis by measuring the time taken to read the same question, relating to either physical or social world knowledge, when it was either relevant or irrelevant to the bridging inference evoked by a preceding two-sentence vignette. In the study, 16 normally developing adolescents and 16 adolescents with autism were matched on word reading accuracy, chronological age, and vocabulary but differed significantly in text comprehension. A strong priming effect was found, robust over participants and over items; participants read those questions that were relevant to the inference evoked by the vignette faster than they read those questions that were irrelevant, and no interaction with group membership or type of knowledge was found. This indicates that readers with autism, just like controls, were activating appropriate world knowledge primed by implicit inferences while reading the vignettes. Thus, the comprehension problems in these readers cannot be attributed to an inability to make implicit inferences or to draw on relevant world knowledge. Instead, we suggest that these problems must be sought at a higher level of text processing. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.