Weight gain attempts and diet modification efforts among adults in five countries: a cross-sectional study.
Weight gain attempts and diet modification efforts among adults in five countries: a cross-sectional study.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12937-022-00784-y
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发表时间：
2022-05-13
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Hammond, David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ganson, Kyle T.;Nagata, Jason M.;Vanderlee, Lana;Rodgers, Rachel F.;Lavender, Jason M.;Hazzard, Vivienne M.;Murray, Stuart B.;Cunningham, Mitchell;Hammond, David
最近的研究强调了体重增加的趋势，特别是在青少年、男孩和年轻男性中。很少有研究调查成年人的这些努力，以及试图增加体重的个人参与的具体饮食改变。因此，这项研究的目的是描述五个国家中报告参与体重增加尝试的成年人使用的饮食修改努力的特征，并确定体重增加尝试和协调一致的饮食修改努力之间的关联。分析了2018年和2019年国际粮食政策研究的横截面数据，包括来自澳大利亚、加拿大、墨西哥、英国和美国(N = 42,108)的参与者。关于过去12个月，与会者报告了与增加卡路里、蛋白质、纤维、水果和蔬菜、全谷物、乳制品、所有肉类、仅红肉、脂肪、糖/添加糖、盐/钠和加工食品的消费有关的体重增加尝试和饮食调整努力。进行了未调整(卡方检验)和调整(修正泊松回归)分析，以检查体重增加尝试和改变饮食的努力之间的关系。在男性参与者中，体重增加的尝试与12种形式的饮食修改努力中的每一种都有更高的可能性相关，在女性参与者中，10种饮食修改努力中的可能性更高。值得注意的是，这包括努力摄入更多卡路里(男性：调整后的患病率[APR]3.25，95%可信区间[CI]2.94-3.59；女性：APR 4.05，95%CI 3.50-4.70)和脂肪(男性：APR 2.71，95%CI 2.42-3.03；女性：APR 3.03，95%CI 2.58-3.55)的可能性。总体而言，体重增加尝试和饮食调整努力之间的关联模式可能表明了以肌肉为导向的饮食行为现象。研究结果进一步强调了来自五个国家的成年人可能试图摄入的食物和营养素的类型，以试图增加体重。
Recent research has emphasized a growing trend of weight gain attempts, particularly among adolescents and boys and young men. Little research has investigated these efforts among adults, as well as the specific diet modifications individuals who are trying to gain weight engage in. Therefore, the aims of this study were to characterize the diet modification efforts used by adults across five countries who reported engaging in weight gain attempts and to determine the associations between weight gain attempts and concerted diet modification efforts. Cross-sectional data from the 2018 and 2019 International Food Policy Study, including participants from Australia, Canada, Mexico, the United Kingdom, and the United States (N = 42,108), were analyzed. In reference to the past 12 months, participants reported on weight gain attempts and diet modification efforts related to increased consumption of calories, protein, fiber, fruits and vegetables, whole grains, dairy products, all meats, red meat only, fats, sugar/added sugar, salt/sodium, and processed foods. Unadjusted (chi-square tests) and adjusted (modified Poisson regressions) analyses were conducted to examine associations between weight gain attempts and diet modification efforts. Weight gain attempts were significantly associated with higher likelihood of each of the 12 forms of diet modification efforts among male participants, and 10 of the diet modification efforts among female participants. Notably, this included higher likelihood of efforts to consume more calories (males: adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 3.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.94–3.59; females: aPR 4.05, 95% CI 3.50–4.70) and fats (males: aPR 2.71, 95% CI 2.42–3.03; females: aPR 3.03, 95% CI 2.58–3.55). Overall, the patterns of association between weight gain attempts and diet modification efforts may be indicative of the phenomenon of muscularity-oriented eating behaviors. Findings further highlight the types of foods and nutrients adults from five countries may try to consume in attempts to gain weight.
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