Is it worth the effort?
Is it worth the effort?
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值得付出努力吗？
DOI：
10.1126/science.abb0265
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Janes,AmyC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Janes,AmyC
在执行任何任务之前，人们会含蓄地确定实现目标是否值得付出努力。权衡成本和收益是一项经常在无意识中发生的基本大脑功能，允许适应性地使用资源来实现目标。神经递质多巴胺是这个过程中的关键角色 (1)。在本期第 1362 页，Westbrooket al.(2) 阐明了多巴胺的作用，表明增加本来较弱的多巴胺信号会将注意力转移到奖励结果上，从而更愿意进行认知努力以实现目标。因此，增加多巴胺似乎对那些多巴胺功能相对较低的个体特别有益。这一发现可能解释了利他林（哌醋甲酯）等多巴胺增强药物的功效，利他林用于治疗注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD），学生无需处方即可将其用作“学习增强药物”。
Before undertaking any task, humans implicitly determine whether reaching the goal is worth the effort. Weighing costs and benefits is a fundamental brain function that often occurs unconsciously, allowing for the adaptive use of resources to attain goals. The neurotransmitter dopamine is a key player in this process (1). On page 1362 of this issue, Westbrooket al.(2) clarify the role of dopamine by showing that increasing an otherwise weak dopamine signal shifts attention toward the rewarding outcome, resulting in greater readiness to perform cognitive effort to reach the goal. As such, increasing dopamine appears to be beneficial specifically for those individuals with relatively lower dopamine function. This finding may explain the efficacy of dopamine-enhancing medications such as Ritalin (methylphenidate), which is prescribed to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and has been used without a prescription by students as a “study enhancing drug.”