Forests in the Time of Violence
Forests in the Time of Violence
复制标题
暴力时期的森林
DOI：
10.1300/j091v16n03_03
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发表时间：
2003
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
M. D. Álvarez
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. D. Álvarez
哥伦比亚亚马逊、安第斯山脉和乔科的森林遗迹是高度多样化和地方性生物区系的最后宝库。哥伦比亚的地貌发生了巨大的历史变化，但在过去半个世纪，变化的幅度和速度都在增加，而冲突消耗了哥伦比亚社会应对环境威胁的能力。研究哥伦比亚冲突的学术专家探讨了战争的社会，政治和经济影响。然而，只有当冲突中的群体以突出的经济资源为目标时，冲突的环境后果才有记录。本文首次分析了哥伦比亚武装冲突遗留森林的地理分布情况。结果表明，游击队和/或准军事人员遍布人类侵入残存森林的地区。哥伦比亚非正规武装部队推行的政策包括游击队很少采用的“枪口保护”，以及迅速将森林和作物转变为牧场和古柯。在准军事占领后种植园。由于破碎化的速度和程度与这种土地使用做法有关，武装团体可能在决定哥伦比亚森林及其特有生物群的命运方面发挥关键作用。
Summary Forest remnants in the Colombian Amazon, Andes, and Chocó are the last repositories of a highly diverse and endemic biota. Historical changes in the Colombian landscape have been dramatic, but the magnitude and rate of change has increased over the last half century, while conflict has consumed the capacity of Colombian society to respond to environmental threats. Academic experts in the study of the Colombian conflict have explored the social, political, and economic implications of the war. However, the environmental consequences of conflict are documented only when groups in conflict target salient economic resources. This paper presents the first analysis of the geographic distribution of forest remnants in relation to armed conflict in Colombia. Results show that guerrillas and/or paramilitaries range throughout areas of human encroachment into remnant forests. The policies promoted by Colombia's irregular armed forces range from “gunpoint conservation” rarely applied by guerrillas, to the rapid conversion of forests and crops to cattle ranches and coca (Erythroxylum sp.) plantations, following paramilitary occupation. Because the rates and extent of fragmentation are linked to such land use practices, armed groups may play a crucial role in determining the fate of Colombia's forests and their endemic biota.