The Standardization of Time: A Sociohistorical Perspective
The Standardization of Time: A Sociohistorical Perspective
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时间的标准化：社会历史的视角
DOI：
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发表时间：
1982
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
E. Zerubavel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Zerubavel
为了澄清心理学和社会学关于时间性的观点之间的根本区别，本文探索了建立一个标准的时间计算框架的明显的社会过程。本文考察了格林威治标准时间引入英国，美国铁路时区制度的建立，以及现代国际标准时区制度几乎普遍实施的情况。标准时间的增加是在以下背景下看待的：(A)在引入铁路运输和电报通信之后建立了国家和国际通信网络(这解释了需要使不同社区和国家彼此同步)和(B)理性主义的兴起(这是导致标准时间与自然分离的原因)。文章还考察了反对标准时间的各种理由，以及时区制度与现代西方相互依存和互补分化的“有机”联系发展的相关性。
In order to clarify the fundamental distinction between the psychological and sociological perspectives on temporality, this paper explores the distinctly social process of establishing a standard time-reckoning framework. The paper examines the introduction of Greenwich Mean Time to Britain, the establishment of the American railway time-zone system, and the almost universal enforcement of the modern international standard-time zone system. The rise of standard time is viewed within the context of (a) the establishment of national and international communication networks following the introduction of railway transportation and telegraphic communication (which explains the need to synchronize different communities and countries with one another) and (b) the rise of rationalism (which is responsible for the dissociation of standard time from nature). The paper also examines the various grounds on which standard time has been opposed, as well as the relevance of the time-zone system to the development of modern Western "organic" ties of interdependence and complementary differentiation.