Rapid development and persistence of efficient subglacial drainage under 900 m-thick ice in Greenland

Rapid development and persistence of efficient subglacial drainage under 900 m-thick ice in Greenland
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格陵兰岛900米厚冰层下有效冰下排水的快速发展和持续

DOI:
10.1016/j.epsl.2021.116982
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
5.3
通讯作者:
Chandler D
Chandler D
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chandler D

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格陵兰冰盖(GrIS)冰下排水的深入研究一直是出于其对冰动力学和营养/沉积物输出到沿海生态系统的重要性。这表明,在较低的消融区,有效的冰下排水系统的季节性发展是一致的。虽然一些水文模型显示与实地数据的定性一致,但相互矛盾的证据(实地和基于模型的证据)使厚冰层(101公里)下有效排水发展的程度和速度保持不确定性。在这里,我们提出了第一个同时的时间序列直接观察到的冰下排水演变,冰上水文和冰动态超过11个星期在一个大的GrIS集水区。我们展示了一个快速/有效的冰下排水系统的发展,从边缘延伸到900米厚的冰下,然后持续对高度可变的冰臼输入(包括极端融化事件和长时间(2周)的低融化输入)几乎没有反应。这个有效的系统在冰臼形成后的203周内就形成了,冰臼是由冰上河流的断裂(而不是水力压裂和湖泊排水)形成的。冰流响应表面融化输入在这个网站遵循一种模式,通常观察到在较低的GrIS消融区,并通过假设冰动力学和冰下水文之间的密切关系,我们推断,有效的冰下排水演变是广泛的下900米厚的冰在格陵兰岛西部。这个时间序列的示踪剂运输特性,通过一个发展中的,然后持续有效的排水系统提供了一个独特的数据集,以验证和约束现有的数值排水系统模型,扩展其能力,模拟排水系统的演变在当前和未来的条件下。
Intensive study of the Greenland Ice Sheet's (GrIS) subglacial drainage has been motivated by its importance for ice dynamics and for nutrient/sediment export to coastal ecosystems. This has revealed consistent seasonal development of efficient subglacial drainage in the lower ablation area. While some hydrological models show qualitative agreement with field data, conflicting evidence (both field- and model-based) maintains uncertainty in the extent and rate of efficient drainage development under thick (∼1 km) ice. Here, we present the first simultaneous time series of directly-observed subglacial drainage evolution, supraglacial hydrology and ice dynamics over 11 weeks in a large GrIS catchment. We demonstrate development of a fast/efficient subglacial drainage system extending from the margin to beneath ice >900 m thick, which then persisted with little response to highly variable moulin inputs including extreme melt events and extended periods (2 weeks) of low melt input. This efficient system evolved within ∼3 weeks at a moulin initiated when a fracture intersected a supraglacial river (rather than hydrofracture and lake drainage). Ice flow response to surface melt inputs at this site follows a pattern commonly observed in the lower GrIS ablation area, and by assuming a strong relationship between ice dynamics and subglacial hydrology, we infer that efficient subglacial drainage evolution is widespread under 900 m-thick ice in west Greenland. This time series of tracer transit characteristics through a developing and then persistent efficient drainage system provides a unique data set with which to validate and constrain existing numerical drainage system models, extending their capability for simulating drainage system evolution under current and future conditions.
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发表时间: 2014
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发表时间: 2012
影响因子: 3.4
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DOI: 10.7185/geochemlet.1510
发表时间: 2015-01-01
影响因子: 4.9
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Hawkings, J. R.;Wadham, J. L.;Telling, J.
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DOI: 10.1038/nature14480
发表时间: 2015-06-04
期刊: NATURE
影响因子: 64.8
作者:
Stevens, Laura A.;Behn, Mark D.;King, Matt A.
通讯作者: King, Matt A.
DOI: 10.1038/ngeo1737
发表时间: 2013-03-01
期刊: NATURE GEOSCIENCE
影响因子: 18.3
作者:
Chandler, D. M.;Wadham, J. L.;Hubbard, A.
通讯作者: Hubbard, A.