PERIPHERAL NEURAL CODING OF PAIN SENSATION.
PERIPHERAL NEURAL CODING OF PAIN SENSATION.
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疼痛感觉的周围神经编码。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1981
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Campbell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Meyer;J. Campbell
当您的手指触摸非常热的物体时，您会感觉到疼痛和其他感觉。但这种情况会发生吗？我们研究的目的是了解疼痛感的生理基础。物理刺激不断地轰炸我们的感觉过程，但我们能够区分不同刺激的发生、位置、强度和时间过程。此外，我们能够感知不同品质的感觉，例如温暖、寒冷、触觉和疼痛。这些不同的皮肤感觉背后的神经机制是相似的。位于皮肤表面附近的感受器将刺激能量（例如热量）转换成称为动作电位的电脉冲。这些动作电位沿着侧神经纤维传播到脊髓，然后到达大脑。所有动作电位本质上具有相同的信号强度，因此是“全有或全无”事件。神经系统的不同细胞共享这种共同的通信模式，类似于计算机中的二进制信号。首先要考虑的问题之一是不同感觉的信号是否被复用到一条线路（神经纤维）上，或者每种感觉是否都有专用线路。尽管一度存在争议，但最近的文献支持了一种假设，即每种感觉都受到附着在专用线路上的特定受体的支持。例如，“触觉”受体对光触觉刺激非常敏感，但对热不敏感，而“温”受体对温度的轻微变化敏感，但对机械压力不敏感。因此，感觉的质量取决于哪些受体被激活。许多特异性证据都是基于疼痛以外的感觉。事实上，过去许多研究人员认为疼痛是一个例外，它是由通常促进其他感觉的受体过度刺激引起的。然而，有证据支持这样的观点，即存在特定于疼痛感觉的受体。
When your finger touches a very hot object, you perceive pain as well as other sensations. But ?oW does this happen? The purpose of our research IS to understand the physiological basis for the sensation of pain. Physical stimuli constantly bombard our sensory processes, yet we are able to distinguish the ~c currence, location, intensity, and time course of dIfferent stimuli. In addition, we are able to perceive different qualities of sensations, such as warmth, cold, touch, and pain. The neurological mechanisms underlying these different cutaneous* sensations a~e similar. Receptors, which are located near the skm surface transduce the stimulus energy (for example, heat) in'to electrical impulses called action pot~ntials. These action potentials travel along the penpheral nerve fibers to the spinal cord and then up to the brain. All action potentials have essentially the same signal strength and are therefore "all-or-nothing" events. The different cells of the nervous system share this common mode of communication, which is analogous to the binary signals in computers. One of the first issues to consider is whether the signals for the different sensations are multiplexed onto a single line (nerve fiber) or whether each sensation has a dedicated line. Although at one time controversial, the hypothesis that each sensation is subserved by specific receptors that are attached to dedicated lines is supported by recent literature. For example, "touch" receptors have been described that are exquisitely sensitive to light tactile stimuli yet insensitive to heat, whereas "warm" receptors are sensitive to slight changes in temperature but are insensitive to mechanical pressure. Thus, the quality of a sensation depends on which receptors are activated. Much of the evidence for specificity has been based on sensations other than pain. In fact, many investigators in the past believed that pain was an exception to the rule and that it resulted from overstimulation of receptors that normally subserved other sensations. However, there is evidence to support the idea that receptors exist that are specific for pain sen-