A Literature Review on Calibration-free Gaze Estimation
A Literature Review on Calibration-free Gaze Estimation
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免标定注视估计文献综述
DOI：
10.11184/his.23.1_73
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
竹村 憲太郎
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
長松 隆;菅野 裕介;竹村 憲太郎
个人校准的需求一直是基于视频的眼动追踪中最重要的技术限制之一，并且已经有许多关于免校准技术的研究尝试。本文从两个角度回顾了免校准眼动追踪技术：与人无关的注视估计和隐式个人校准。与人无关的注视估计是一种在不考虑与人相关的参数的情况下推断注视方向的技术。此类方法包括基于模型的估计光轴角度的方法和基于外观的方法以获得通用注视估计函数。隐式个人校准是指在不依赖任何显式校准指令的情况下调整与人相关的参数以获得更好的估计精度的技术。此类方法利用各种线索（例如自下而上的注视预测、环境/解剖学约束以及时间模式的相关性）来预测注视目标位置。本综述总结了这两个类别的代表性方法，并讨论了未来的前景和潜在的应用场景。
The need for personal calibration has been one of the most significant technical limitations in video-based eye tracking, and there have been many research attempts on calibration-free techniques. This paper reviews calibration-free eye tracking techniques from two perspectives: person-independent gaze estimation and implicit personal calibration. Person-independent gaze estimation is the technique to infer gaze directions without considering person-dependent parameters. The methods in this category include both model-based approaches to estimate the optical axis angle and appearance-based approaches to obtain generic gaze estimation functions. Implicit personal calibration refers to the technique to adjust person-dependent parameters for better estimation accuracy without relying on any explicit calibration instruction. The methods in this category utilize various cues such as bottom-up fixation prediction, environmental/anatomical constraints, and correlation in temporal patterns to predict gaze target locations. This review summarizes representative approaches in both categories and discusses future perspectives and potential application scenarios.