Evaluation of the suitability of a plant virus, pepper mild mottle virus, as a surrogate of human enteric viruses for assessment of the efficacy of coagulation?rapid sand filtration to remove those viruses
Evaluation of the suitability of a plant virus, pepper mild mottle virus, as a surrogate of human enteric viruses for assessment of the efficacy of coagulation?rapid sand filtration to remove those viruses
复制标题
评估植物病毒（辣椒轻度斑驳病毒）作为人类肠道病毒替代品的适用性，以评估凝固效果？快速砂滤去除这些病毒
DOI：
10.1016/j.watres.2017.11.043
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
12.8
通讯作者：
Yamashita R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shirasaki N.;Matsushita T.;Matsui Y.;Yamashita R.
在这里，我们评估了三种具有代表性的人类肠道病毒-腺病毒（AdV） 40型，柯萨奇病毒（CV） B5型和甲型肝炎病毒（HAV） IB -和一种人类冠状病毒的替代品-小鼠诺如病毒（MNV） 1型-通过混凝快速砂过滤去除，使用来自日本饮用水处理厂八个水源的水样。通过比较植物病毒（PMMoV）和噬菌体（MS2和φX174）与人类肠道病毒的去除率，评价PMMoV、MS2和φX174作为人类肠道病毒替代品的适用性。实时聚合酶链反应（real-time polymerase chain reaction， PCR）法测定，以市购聚氯化铝（PACl，碱度1.5）和原生硅砂作为混凝剂和过滤介质时，AdV、CV、HAV和MNV的去除率分别为0.8 ~ 2.5 log10。混凝剂的种类对病毒的去除率有影响，而快速砂过滤中使用的硅砂年龄对病毒的去除率没有影响。与其他铝基混凝剂相比，无硫酸盐、高碱度PACls（碱度2.1或2.5）的混凝-快速砂过滤去除病毒的效率更高。MS2的去除率有时高于3种人肠道病毒和MNV，而φX174的去除率往往低于3种人肠道病毒和MNV。PMMoV的去除率与三种人肠道病毒和MNV的去除率相似，且具有很强的相关性。因此，PMMoV似乎是人类肠道病毒的合适替代品，用于评估凝固-快速砂过滤去除病毒的效果。
Here, we evaluated the removal of three representative human enteric viruses — adenovirus (AdV) type 40, coxsackievirus (CV) B5, and hepatitis A virus (HAV) IB — and one surrogate of human caliciviruses — murine norovirus (MNV) type 1 — by coagulation–rapid sand filtration, using water samples from eight water sources for drinking water treatment plants in Japan. The removal ratios of a plant virus (pepper mild mottle virus; PMMoV) and two bacteriophages (MS2 and φX174) were compared with the removal ratios of human enteric viruses to assess the suitability of PMMoV, MS2, and φX174 as surrogates for human enteric viruses. The removal ratios of AdV, CV, HAV, and MNV, evaluated via the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, were 0.8–2.5-log10when commercially available polyaluminum chloride (PACl, basicity 1.5) and virgin silica sand were used as the coagulant and filter medium, respectively. The type of coagulant affected the virus removal efficiency, but the age of silica sand used in the rapid sand filtration did not. Coagulation–rapid sand filtration with non-sulfated, high-basicity PACls (basicity 2.1 or 2.5) removed viruses more efficiently than the other aluminum-based coagulants. The removal ratios of MS2 were sometimes higher than those of the three human enteric viruses and MNV, whereas the removal ratios of φX174 tended to be smaller than those of the three human enteric viruses and MNV. In contrast, the removal ratios of PMMoV were similar to and strongly correlated with those of the three human enteric viruses and MNV. Thus, PMMoV appears to be a suitable surrogate for human enteric viruses for the assessment of the efficacy of coagulation–rapid sand filtration to remove viruses.