Anticipated verbal feedback induces altruistic behavior
Anticipated verbal feedback induces altruistic behavior
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DOI：
10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2007.11.001
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发表时间：
2008-03-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Johannesson, Magnus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ellingsen, Tore;Johannesson, Magnus
与其他物种相比，人类的一个显著特征是与非亲属的合作率很高。一种解释是，人类的动机是对表扬和责备的关注。本文通过实验研究了预期言语反馈对利他行为的影响。我们研究成对互动，其中一名受试者（“分配者”）决定如何在自己和接受者之间分配一笔钱。此后，接收方可以向分隔器发送不受限制的匿名消息。受试者的关系是匿名的，一次性的，以排除任何重复的相互作用的影响。与没有反馈信息的对照治疗相比，当接受者可以沟通时，捐赠会大幅增加。通过口头反馈，零捐款的比例从约40%下降到约20%，而平分的比例相应地从约30%增加到约50%。没有收到钱的人几乎总是表示不赞成分配者，有时强烈地用污言秽语。在平均分配之后，几乎所有的接受者都赞扬分配者。结果表明，预期的言语奖励和惩罚在促进人类利他行为中发挥作用。(c)2008年爱思唯尔公司All rights reserved.
A distinctive feature of humans compared to other species is the high rate of cooperation with nonkin. One explanation is that humans are motivated by concerns for praise and blame. In this paper we experimentally investigate the impact of anticipated verbal feedback on altruistic behavior. We study pairwise interactions in which one subject, the "divider," decides how to split a sum of money between herself and a recipient. Thereafter, the recipient can send an unrestricted anonymous message to the divider. The subjects' relationship is anonymous and one-shot to rule out any repeated interaction effects. Compared to a control treatment without feedback messages, donations increase substantially when recipients can communicate. With verbal feedback, the fraction of zero donations decreases from about 40% to about 20%, and there is a corresponding increase in the fraction of equal splits from about 30% to about 50%. Recipients who receive no money almost always express disapproval of the divider, sometimes strongly and in foul language. Following an equal split, almost all recipients praise the divider. The results suggest that anticipated verbal rewards and punishments play a role in promoting altruistic behavior among humans. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.