United States: changes in higher education and social stratification
United States: changes in higher education and social stratification
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美国：高等教育和社会分层的变化
DOI：
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Josipa Roksa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Josipa Roksa
美国的高等教育在各个方向上急剧扩张，不受政府集中监管的阻碍。这种扩张被描述为分层的，其特点是地位较低的机构的入学人数增加以及机构等级制度的巩固。扩张还通过提高社区学院的职业化和创建专门的职业学校，创建了第二层次的高等教育，重点关注职业和半职业培训。这些变化伴随着一系列旨在改善弱势群体接受高等教育机会的政府政策。为了追踪近几十年来高等教育机会平等的变化，作者研究了不同性别、种族/民族和社会经济群体进入各种类型高等教育机构的可能性。他们发现社会经济背景方面的不平等持续存在，但妇女和非裔美国人获得高等教育机会的情况显着改善。
Higher education in the United States has expanded dramatically and in various directions, unhampered by centralised government regulation. The expansion is described as stratified, characterised by increasing enrolments in lower-status institutions and by the solidification of institutional hierarchies. The expansion also created a second tier of higher education focused on vocational and semi-professional training through increased vocationalisation of community colleges and the creation of exclusively vocational schools. These changes were accompanied by a range of government policies aimed at improving access of disadvantaged groups to postsecondary education. To track the change in equality of access to higher education over recent decades, the authors examine the likelihood of entering various types of postsecondary institutions for different gender, racial/ethnic, and socioeconomic groups. They find persistent inequality with respect to socioeconomic background, but notable improvements in access to postsecondary educational opportunities for women and African Americans.