Cultural versus Biological Factors in Explaining Asia's "Missing Women": Response to Oster
Cultural versus Biological Factors in Explaining Asia's "Missing Women": Response to Oster
复制标题
解释亚洲“失踪妇女”的文化与生物因素：对奥斯特的回应
DOI：
10.1111/j.1728-4457.2006.00121.x
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发表时间：
2006
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
M. Gupta
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Gupta
他认为，在1980年至1990年间，中国笔下75%的“失踪妇女”都可以归因于感染了乙肝。这是一个引人注目的论断，基于一些微观研究表明，患有乙肝的妇女生男孩的概率更高(Chahnazarian等人)。(1988年)。如果这是正确的，这将意味着有必要修正普遍存在的观点，即中国失踪女性的现象在很大程度上是由文化上的重男轻女驱动的，这反映在父母干预家庭的性别构成上。这将是一个特别好的消息，因为如果乙肝疫苗接种运动能够解决大部分性别比例失衡的问题，它们将极大地减轻中国政策制定者的任务，他们目前正在从事一项艰巨得多的任务，即减少人们对男孩的偏爱。不幸的是，这一论点很难与人口统计数据相一致。这些数据来自1989-90年间出生人口的大量样本(曾鸣等人。1993年的数据显示，生育男孩的概率较高的妇女群体只有那些已经生育女儿的妇女(见图1和表1)。这些数据与男孩偏好是失踪女性的主要解释的观点是一致的。正常的出生性别比是每100个女孩对应105到106个男孩。1已经生育的女儿越多，下一胎生男孩的可能性就越大(表1)。在只生女儿的女性中，如果只有一个女儿，下一个孩子是男孩的可能性会增加41%，如果有一个以上的女儿，则会增加惊人的111%。这与人们越来越迫切地想要生个儿子是一致的。与此同时，只生了一个或多个儿子的女性表现出轻微的衰老
argues that 75 percent of the " missing women " in China in the period 1980–90 can be accounted for by infection with hepatitis B. This is a remarkable claim, based on some micro-studies indicating that women with hepatitis B have an elevated probability of having sons (Chahnazarian et al. 1988). If correct, it would imply a need to revise the widely held view that the phenomenon of China's missing women is largely driven by a cultural preference for sons, which is reflected in parental intervention to manipulate the sex composition of their family. This would be especially good news because if hepatitis B vaccination campaigns could redress most of the problem of unbalanced sex ratios, they would greatly ease the task of Chinese policymakers who are currently engaged in the far harder task of reducing people's preference for sons. Unfortunately, this argument is hard to reconcile with the demographic data. The data from a huge sample of births for the period 1989–90 (Zeng et al. 1993) show that the only groups of women with elevated probabilities of bearing a son are those who have already borne daughters (see Figure 1 and Table 1). These data are consistent with the view that son preference is the predominant explanation for the missing women. The normal sex ratio at birth is between 105 and 106 boys per 100 girls. 1 The more daughters already borne, the more steeply elevated the probability of the next birth being a boy (Table 1). Among women who have borne only daughters, the probability of the next child being a son is elevated by 41 percent if the woman has one daughter, and by a staggering 111 percent if she has more than one daughter. This is consistent with a growing desperation to bear a son. Meanwhile , women who have borne only one or more sons show a mildly el
出生性别比的决定因素：近期文献综述。
DOI：
10.1080/19485565.1988.9988703
发表时间：
1988
期刊：
Social biology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Chahnazarian,A
通讯作者：
Chahnazarian,A