From Obesity to Hippocampal Neurodegeneration: Pathogenesis and Non-Pharmacological Interventions.
From Obesity to Hippocampal Neurodegeneration: Pathogenesis and Non-Pharmacological Interventions.
复制标题
从肥胖到海马神经变性：发病机制和非药物干预。
DOI：
10.3390/ijms22010201
复制
发表时间：
2020-12-28
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Yau SY
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lee TH;Yau SY
高热量饮食和缺乏运动容易导致肥胖和糖尿病，而肥胖和糖尿病是海马神经退化和认知缺陷的危险因素。伴随着脂肪-海马体的串扰，慢性炎症的脂肪组织分泌炎性细胞因子，可以在海马区触发神经炎性反应，进而在肥胖和糖尿病条件下损害海马区的神经可塑性。因此，限制热量摄入和体育锻炼是阻止肥胖到海马神经变性的关键非药物干预措施。作为对体育锻炼的反应，外周器官，包括脂肪组织、骨骼肌和肝脏，可以分泌大量的运动素，对代谢和大脑健康带来有益的影响。在这篇综述中，我们总结了脂肪组织中的慢性炎症如何引发神经炎症和海马区损伤，这可能导致肥胖和糖尿病条件下的认知障碍。我们还讨论了热量限制和体育锻炼通过对抗神经炎症、可塑性缺陷和认知障碍而产生神经营养和神经保护作用的潜在机制。这篇综述及时地提供了关于肥胖等慢性代谢紊乱如何在以后的生活中损害大脑健康和认知功能的见解。
High-caloric diet and physical inactivity predispose individuals to obesity and diabetes, which are risk factors of hippocampal neurodegeneration and cognitive deficits. Along with the adipose-hippocampus crosstalk, chronically inflamed adipose tissue secretes inflammatory cytokine could trigger neuroinflammatory responses in the hippocampus, and in turn, impairs hippocampal neuroplasticity under obese and diabetic conditions. Hence, caloric restriction and physical exercise are critical non-pharmacological interventions to halt the pathogenesis from obesity to hippocampal neurodegeneration. In response to physical exercise, peripheral organs, including the adipose tissue, skeletal muscles, and liver, can secret numerous exerkines, which bring beneficial effects to metabolic and brain health. In this review, we summarized how chronic inflammation in adipose tissue could trigger neuroinflammation and hippocampal impairment, which potentially contribute to cognitive deficits in obese and diabetic conditions. We also discussed the potential mechanisms underlying the neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects of caloric restriction and physical exercise by counteracting neuroinflammation, plasticity deficits, and cognitive impairments. This review provides timely insights into how chronic metabolic disorders, like obesity, could impair brain health and cognitive functions in later life.