A Systematic Study of the North American Melanthaceæ from the Genetic Standpoint
A Systematic Study of the North American Melanthaceæ from the Genetic Standpoint
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从遗传学角度对北美Melanthaceae进行系统研究
DOI：
10.1111/j.1095-8339.1918.tb00619.x
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发表时间：
1918
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Frieda Gates
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Frieda Gates
就作者所知，本文的目的与以往任何出版物的目的略有不同。它的目的是提供关于物种起源的明确观点在特定植物群中的应用。可以说，每一个系统论者在他的著作中都有一个观点，这无疑是正确的，这个观点在很大程度上是由一般的达尔文主义背景提供的，这种背景认为物种是渐进的和无限小的。本书的观点在本质上是不同的，因为它认为区分物种的变异并不是普遍连续的和无穷小的，而是不连续的和经常不连续的。在作者看来，自达尔文以来最重要的进步之一就是发现了变异的绝对性。这些知识主要是基于德·特里斯、贝特森、鲍尔、尼尔森-埃勒和其他人在过去15年中的工作所获得的实验结果。本文试图以齐国为例来分析这种确定性。然而，他的研究并不局限于基因突变，并得出结论，即在任何不同但明确的变化类型中，每一种变化都会引起不同的特征性突变。变异的基本概念，从而发展，通过长期的经验和实验，作者与（Enother：ts在这里：适用于特殊和属分化的n组o！“百合目还没有成为实验的对象。简言之，该方法是将突变概念应用于该百合科群的系统处理，以确定该方法在多大程度上是有效和有用的。在缺乏实验分析的情况下，不能期望得出最终结论，但我相信该方法足以证明它的通过和应用于其他群体是合理的。另一方面，它显然必须谨慎使用，在这种情况下：我愿意，推测不会太远超过细胞学研究和育种实验的证明。如果，tho
THE purpose of the present paper is a little different lrom that of any previous publication, so far as the writer is aware. It aims to furnish the application to n particular group of plants of n definite point of view regarding the genesis of species. It may he said that every systematist has a point of view in his work, aid tliii is doubtless true, the point of view having been furnished largely by the general Darwinian background, which asstimes the gradual and infinitesimal ditferentiation of species. The point of view of the present work is essentially differ&, in that it asqtimes the variations which differentiate species not to have been universally continuous and infinitesimal, but to have heen defiuite and often discontinuou?. To the writer, one of the most important advances since Darwin has been in the discovery of the dejniteness* of variation. This knowledge is based upon experimental results obtained largely through the work of De Tries, Bateson, Baur, Nilsson-Ehle, and inany others during the last fifteen years. The writer has endeavoured to analyze thir definiteness in the case of tlie Qi! notAera inutstions, and has reached the conclusion j-that inany ditferent though definite types of change: ire iiivolvetl, each giving rise to a different ant1 cliaracteristic mutation. The essential conceptions of variation thus developed though long experience ant1 experiment by the writer with the (Enother: ts are here: ipplied to the specific and generic differentiation of n group o!'Liliales which has not been made the subject of experiment. In short, the method is to apply the mutation conceptions to the systematic treatment of this Liliaceous group in order to determine in how far the inethod is valid and useful. It cannot be expected that final conclusions will be reached in the absence of experimental analysis, and yet I believe the lllethod is sufficiently illnminating to justify its adoption and application to other groups. On tha other hand, it must obviously be used with caution, and in such: i WILY that, speculation does not too far outrun verification by iileans of cytological studies and breeding experiments. If, however, tho