Microglia regulate neuronal and behavioural functions under physiological and pathological conditions
Microglia regulate neuronal and behavioural functions under physiological and pathological conditions
复制标题
小胶质细胞在生理和病理条件下调节神经元和行为功能
DOI：
10.1093/jb/mvac099
复制
发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kitaoka Shiho
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shibato Junko;Takenoya Fumiko;Yamashita Michio;Gupta Ravi;Min Cheol Woo;Kim Sun Tae;Kimura Ai;Takasaki Ichiro;Hori Motohide;Shioda Seiji;Rakwal Randeep;Kitaoka Shiho
小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统中的免疫细胞，在发育过程中吞噬不必要的突触。近年来，除了开发操纵小胶质细胞和神经元的工具外，体内成像技术也有了实质性的改进。这些技术揭示了小胶质细胞的新功能。小胶质细胞调节神经元活动以防止同步。这种神经元-小胶质细胞的相互作用是由纹状体中的三磷酸腺苷-P2 Y12和腺苷-腺苷A1受体信号传导介导的。此外，小胶质细胞释放抑制神经元活动的炎症相关分子，从而导致脂多糖诱导的厌恶。纹状体中的前列腺素E2（PGE 2）-PGE受体1信号传导是这种行为改变的基础。慢性应激通过Toll样受体（TLR）2和TLR 4激活小胶质细胞，在内侧前额叶皮层释放促炎细胞因子，从而引起社交回避。小胶质细胞在生理条件下以及病理和心理应激下发挥多种功能。
Microglia are immune cells in the central nervous system that engulf unnecessary synapses during development.In vivoimaging has substantially improved in recent years, besides the development of tools for manipulating microglia and neurons. These techniques reveal the novel functions of microglia. Microglia regulate neuronal activity to prevent synchronization. This neuron–microglia interaction is mediated by adenosine triphosphate—P2Y12and adenosine—adenosine A1receptor signalling in the striatum. Moreover, microglia release inflammation-related molecules that suppress neuronal activity, thus leading to lipopolysaccharide-induced aversion. Prostaglandin E2(PGE2)—PGE receptor 1 signalling in the striatum underlies this behavioural alteration. Chronic stress activates microglia through toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 to release pro-inflammatory cytokines in the medial prefrontal cortex, thereby causing social avoidance. Microglia play multiple functions under physiological conditions, as well as pathological and psychological stress.