Investigation of the Dominant Microbiota in Ready-to-Eat Grasshoppers and Mealworms and Quantification of Carbapenem Resistance Genes by qPCR
Investigation of the Dominant Microbiota in Ready-to-Eat Grasshoppers and Mealworms and Quantification of Carbapenem Resistance Genes by qPCR
复制标题
DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2018.03036
复制
发表时间：
2018-12-17
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Clementi, Francesca
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Milanovic, Vesna;Osimani, Andrea;Clementi, Francesca
本研究对黄粉虫(Tenebrio Molitor L.)30个加工样品进行了研究。从欧洲(比利时和荷兰)和亚洲(泰国)的蝗虫生产者那里采集了30个蝗虫样本，并进行了PCR-DGGE分析。PCR-DGGE分析表明，比利时粉虫和荷兰蝗虫样品中以葡萄球菌属为主；泰国粉虫和蝗虫样品中检出芽孢杆菌属物种。此外，烟粉虱Weissella cibaria/conpuusa/spp.是在比利时的蚱蜢身上发现的。由于目前缺乏关于食用昆虫等新型食品在碳青霉烯类耐药性传播中的作用的数据，因此还在所有研究样本中进行了5个碳青霉烯酶编码基因(bla(NDM-1)、bla(Vim)、bla(Ges)、bla(OXA-48)和bla(Kpc))的定量研究。在分析的样品中未检测到编码GES和KPC的基因。在粉虫中检测到极低频率的bla(OXA-48)(3%)和bla(NDM-1)(10%)基因。相比之下，蝗虫的特点是OXA-48和NDM-1基因的发生率较高，分别占蝗虫样本总数的57%和27%。在泰国的两个蝗虫样本中仅检测到bla(Vim)基因，仅显示7%的阳性。方差分析表明，对于BLA(NDM-1)，所有效应(生产者、物种和生产者×物种)均达到统计显著水平，而对于BLA(OXA-)(48)和BLA(VIM)，对于同一变异源，没有检测到显著影响。有必要进行进一步的研究，以评估可食用昆虫作为碳青霉烯类抗药性储存库的可能作用，并了解其与昆虫微生物区系的相关性。此外，需要一个加强的监测计划，检查食物链和环境隔间中是否存在碳青霉烯酶编码基因，以进行适当的风险评估。在这种情况下，适当使用抗菌剂是应始终采用的主要预防行动。
In this study, 30 samples of processed edible mealworms (Tenebrio molitor L.) and 30 samples of grasshoppers (Locusta migratoria migratorioides) were obtained from producers located in Europe (Belgium and the Netherlands) and Asia (Thailand) and subjected to PCR-DGGE analyses. The PCR-DGGE analyses showed that species in the genus Staphylococcus were predominant in the samples of mealworms from Belgium and grasshoppers from the Netherlands; species in the genus Bacillus were detected in the samples of mealworms and grasshoppers from Thailand. Moreover, Weissella cibaria/confusa/spp. was found in grasshoppers from Belgium. Since data concerning the role of novel foods such as edible insects in the dissemination of carbapenem resistance are currently lacking, the quantification of five carbapenemase encoding genes (bla(NDM-1), bla(VIM), bla(GES), bla(OXA-48), and bla(KPC)) by qPCR was also carried out in all the samples under study. The genes coding for GES and KPC were not detected in the analyzed samples. A very low frequency of bla(OXA-48) (3%) and bla(NDM-1) (10%) genes was detected among mealworms. In contrast, grasshoppers were characterized by a high incidence of the genes for OXA-48 and NDM-1, accounting for 57 and 27% of the overall grasshopper samples, respectively. The bla(VIM) gene was detected exclusively in two grasshopper samples from Thailand, showing only 7% positivity. The analysis of variance showed that all the effects (producers, species, and producers x species) were statistically significant for bla(NDM-1), whereas for bla(OXA-)(48) and bla(VIM), no significant effects were detected for the same source of variation. Further studies are necessary to assess the possible role of edible insects as reservoirs for the resistance to carbapenems and to understand the correlation with the insect microbiota. Furthermore, an intensified surveillance plan examining the occurrence of carbapenemase encoding genes in the food chain and in environmental compartments is needed for a proper risk assessment. In such a context, the appropriate use of antimicrobials represents the main preventive action that should always be applied.