Children's imagination and belief: Prone to flights of fancy or grounded in reality?
Children's imagination and belief: Prone to flights of fancy or grounded in reality?
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孩子的想象力和信念：是天马行空还是立足于现实？
DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2016.03.022
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Harris,PaulL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lane,JonathanD;Ronfard,Samuel;Francioli,StéphaneP;Harris,PaulL
4至8岁的儿童（n= 39）报告了他们是否能想象各种不可能的现象（例如，制作洋葱汁的人）以及各种不可能的现象（例如，一个人把洋葱变成香蕉），然后描述他们的想象。在他们的描述中，孩子们提到普通原因的次数比提到特殊原因的次数多得多。对这些普通原因的描述往往与不可能（而不是不可能）的现象有关。在这些想象力的努力之后，孩子们判断每一种现象是否真的会发生。为了检查这些现实判断是否受到儿童尝试想象的影响，控制组（n= 39）做出了相同的现实判断，但没有首先提示想象每种现象。不同年龄段的儿童都认为不可能的现象不可能真的发生，但随着年龄的增长，他们认为不可能的现象可能发生。这种模式在想象组和控制组中都出现了;因此，简单地促使孩子们想象并不能改变他们对现实的判断。然而，在想象组，判断现象真的可以发生与儿童的索赔已成功想象的现象，并与他们的描述的某些特点：想象普通的原因和想象的现象获得。结果突出了童年时期想象力和现实判断之间的密切联系。与幼儿有丰富的想象力，容易挑战现实的概念相反，结果表明，他们的想象力是建立在现实基础上的，因为他们的信念。
Children ranging from 4 to 8 years (n= 39) reported whether they could imagine various improbable phenomena (e.g., a person making onion juice) as well as various impossible phenomena (e.g., a person turning an onion into a banana) and then described what they imagined. In their descriptions, children mentioned ordinary causes much more often than extraordinary causes. Descriptions of such ordinary causes were provided more often in relation to improbable (rather than impossible) phenomena. Following these imaginative efforts, children judged if each phenomenon could really happen. To check whether these reality judgments were affected by children’s attempts to imagine, a control group (n= 39) made identical reality judgments but were not first prompted to imagine each phenomenon. Children across the age range judged that impossible phenomena cannot really happen but, with increasing age, judged that improbable phenomena can happen. This pattern emerged in both the imagination and control groups; thus simply prompting children to imagine did not alter their reality judgments. However, within the imagination group, judgments that phenomena can really happen were associated with children’s claims to have successfully imagined the phenomena and with certain characteristics of their descriptions: imagining ordinary causes and imagining phenomena obtain. Results highlight close links between imagination and reality judgments in childhood. Contrary to the notion that young children have a rich imagination that readily defies reality, results indicate that their imagination is grounded in reality, as are their beliefs.