Experimental Procedure for Fifth Generation (5G) Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Measurement and Maximum Power Extrapolation for Human Exposure Assessment
Experimental Procedure for Fifth Generation (5G) Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Measurement and Maximum Power Extrapolation for Human Exposure Assessment
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DOI：
10.3390/environments7030022
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发表时间：
2020-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Migliore, Marco Donald
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Franci, Daniele;Coltellacci, Stefano;Migliore, Marco Donald
第五代（5G）技术已经被设想为覆盖从增强型移动的宽带到超可靠低延迟通信（URLLC）再到大规模机器类型通信的多种使用场景。然而，这项新技术的实施正在引起人们越来越多的关注，即暴露于5G系统辐射的电磁场可能对健康和安全产生的影响，因此必须开发准确的电磁场（EMF）测量技术和协议。用于评估EMF暴露限值符合性的测量技术是国际法规的对象。评估的基本原理是测量从恒定射频源（通常是导频信号）接收的功率，并应用适当的外推因子。这种方法已被标准化用于2G、3G和4G技术，但仍在研究5G技术。实际上，灵活的参数集和先进的时分双工（TDD）和空间复用技术（例如波束扫描和大规模多输入多输出（MIMO））的使用需要定义用于5G信号的EMF测量的新过程和协议。本文提出了一种精确估计从5G源接收的瞬时最大功率的方法。外推技术基于引入适当的因子，这些因子考虑了TDD和扫描波束在5G信号电平的测量值中的影响。初步的实验调查，适当的广播信道的码域测量的基础上，并在受控环境中进行的报告，确认所提出的方法的有效性。
The fifth generation (5G) technology has been conceived to cover multiple usage scenarios from enhanced mobile broadband to ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) to massive machine type communications. However, the implementation of this new technology is causing increasing concern over the possible impact on health and safety arising from exposure to electromagnetic field radiated by 5G systems, making imperative the development of accurate electromagnetic field (EMF) measurement techniques and protocols. Measurement techniques used to assess the compliance with EMF exposure limits are object to international regulation. The basic principle of the assessment is to measure the power received from a constant radio frequency source, typically a pilot signal, and to apply a proper extrapolation factor. This kind of approach is standardized for 2G, 3G, and 4G technologies, but is still under investigation for 5G technology. Indeed, the use of flexible numerologies and advanced Time Division Duplexing (TDD) and spatial multiplexing techniques, such as beam sweeping and Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), requires the definition of new procedures and protocols for EMF measurement of 5G signals. In this paper a procedure for an accurate estimation of the instant maximum power received from a 5G source is proposed. The extrapolation technique is based on the introduction of proper factors that take into account the effect of the TDD and of the sweep beam in the measured value of the 5G signal level. Preliminary experimental investigation, based on code domain measurement of appropriate broadcast channels, and carried out in a controlled environment are reported, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed approach.