A framework for modeling fraud in E-waste management
A framework for modeling fraud in E-waste management
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DOI：
10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105613
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发表时间：
2021-08
影响因子：
13.2
通讯作者：
Danielle N. Salmon;Callie W. Babbitt;G. Babbitt;C. Wilmer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Danielle N. Salmon;Callie W. Babbitt;G. Babbitt;C. Wilmer
尽管美国采用了电子废物回收者认证计划，但回收者可能从事不诚实行为的案例仍然值得注意。为了更好地理解可能鼓励诚实的电子产品报废管理的机制，我们开发了一个框架来分析电子垃圾回收商面临的决策演算，他们面临的选择是诚实的选择可能更昂贵，还是不诚实的选择节省资金但有一定的被抓住的可能性。在建立回收商最大化预期收益的分析决策树模型的基础上，我们探讨了监管对回收商面临的选择的影响，并提供了描述这些选择的边界的解析解。使用我们的框架，我们系统地列出了哪些干预措施可能会有帮助，哪些可能不会。该模型表明，直接向回收商提供不合格的补贴可能并不是特别有效，尽管适当的定向补贴是有希望的。我们还发现，增加欺诈成本和降低适当回收电子垃圾的成本之间存在替代效应。也就是说，增加欺诈成本可以作为一种政策工具，产生类似于降低回收商从事诚实行为的成本的效果。我们还讨论了区块链等数字防欺诈技术作为另一种机制的作用，以帮助实现电子垃圾管理的可持续成果，同时降低第三方监管的成本。
Despite the adoption of electronic waste recycler certification schemes in the United States, there remain notable instances in which recyclers might engage in dishonest practices. To better understand mechanisms that may encourage honest electronics end-of-life management, we develop a framework to analyze the decision calculus of electronic waste recyclers facing a decision between an honest choice that might be more expensive or a dishonest choice that saves money but has some probability of being caught. Building an analytical decision tree model under which a recycler maximizes expected returns, we explore the influence of supervision on the choices a recycler faces and provide an analytical solution that describes the boundaries that separate those choices. Using our framework, we systematically catalog which interventions may help and which may not. The model suggests that direct unqualified subsidies to recyclers may not be particularly effective, although properly targeted subsidies have promise. We also find that there are substitution effects between increasing the cost of fraud and decreasing the costs of proper electronic waste recycling. That is, increasing the cost of fraud can serve as a policy instrument to produce effects similar to decreasing a recycler’s costs from engaging in honest behavior. We also discuss the role of digital fraud prevention technologies such as blockchain as another mechanism to help achieve sustainability outcomes in e-waste management while lowering the costs of third-party supervision.