Anionic surfactant remediation of soil columns contaminated by nonaqueous phase liquids
Anionic surfactant remediation of soil columns contaminated by nonaqueous phase liquids
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DOI：
10.1016/s0169-7722(99)00006-6
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发表时间：
1999-06-15
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Wade, WH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dwarakanath, V;Kostarelos, K;Wade, WH
为了选择和评价修复非水相液体（NAPLs）的合适表面活性剂，完成了各种柱实验。在实验室实验中测试的各种napl是四氯乙烯（PCE），三氯乙烯（TCE），喷气燃料（JP4）和来自德克萨斯州希尔空军基地的致密非水相液体。实验采用渥太华砂和希尔田土，首先通过相行为实验筛选表面活性剂候选物，然后选择最佳候选物进行柱实验。在土柱实验中，对在相行为实验中表现出高污染物增溶性、快速聚结时间、不存在液晶相和凝胶的表面活性剂进行了测试。土壤柱实验的主要目的是确定表面活性剂，回收至少99%的污染物。第二个目标是确定在柱实验中表现出低吸附和很少或没有水力导电性损失的表面活性剂。结果表明，由于表面活性剂对土柱的驱替，高达99.9%的污染物被去除。在表面活性剂溶液中加入黄原胶聚合物可以提高修复效率，因为回收一定体积的NAPL所需的表面活性剂体积较低。根据这些实验结果，制定了设计高效、坚固的表面活性剂驱油的准则，并应用于现场演示。(C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V.版权所有
A variety of column experiments have been completed for the purpose of selecting and evaluating suitable surfactants for remediation of nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs). The various NAPLs tested in the laboratory experiments were tetrachloroethylene (PCE), trichloroethylene (TCE), jet fuel (JP4) and a dense nonaqueous phase Liquid from a sire at Hill Air Force Base, UT. Both Ottawa sand and Hill field soil were used in these experiments, Surfactant candidates were first screened using phase behavior experiments and only the best ones were selected for the subsequent column experiments. Surfactants which showed high contaminant solubilization, fast coalescence times, and the absence of liquid crystal phases and gels during the phase behavior experiments were tested in soil column experiments. The primary objective of the soil column experiments was to identify surfactants that recovered at least 99% of the contaminant. The secondary objective was to identify surfactants that show low adsorption and little or no loss of hydraulic conductivity during the column experiments. Results demonstrated that up to 99.9% of the contaminants were removed as a result of surfactant flooding of the soil columns. The addition of xanthan gum polymer to the surfactant solution was shown to increase remediation efficiency as a lower volume of surfactant was required for recovering a given volume of NAPL. Based on these experimental results, guidelines for designing highly efficient and robust surfactant floods have been developed and applied to a field demonstration. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.