Does physical activity increase life expectancy? A review of the literature.
Does physical activity increase life expectancy? A review of the literature.
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DOI：
10.1155/2012/243958
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Reimers, A K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Reimers, C D;Knapp, G;Reimers, A K
体力活动可减少许多主要的死亡风险因素，包括高血压、2 型糖尿病、血脂异常、冠心病、中风和癌症。与不运动的受试者相比，运动的受试者的全因死亡率降低约 30% 至 35%。本文的目的是综合有关预期寿命与体力活动相关的文献。对活跃和不活跃个体的预期寿命进行了系统的 PubMed 搜索。此外，还审查了比较运动员与非运动员预期寿命的文章。描述 8 个不同群体的 13 项研究结果表明，定期体育活动与预期寿命延长 0.4 至 6.9 年相关。 11 项研究纳入了导致死亡的混杂风险因素，结果显示，定期进行体力活动可使预期寿命延长 0.4 至 4.2 年。十一项关于前运动员预期寿命的病例对照研究显示，有氧耐力运动员的预期寿命始终较长，但其他运动员的结果却不一致。这些研究均未考虑死亡的混杂危险因素。总之，虽然定期的体育活动可以延长预期寿命，但高强度的体育活动是否会进一步延长预期寿命仍不清楚。
Physical activity reduces many major mortality risk factors including arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus type 2, dyslipidemia, coronary heart disease, stroke, and cancer. All-cause mortality is decreased by about 30% to 35% in physically active as compared to inactive subjects. The purpose of this paper was to synthesize the literature on life expectancy in relation to physical activity. A systematic PubMed search on life expectancy in physically active and inactive individuals was performed. In addition, articles comparing life expectancy of athletes compared to that of nonathletes were reviewed. Results of 13 studies describing eight different cohorts suggest that regular physical activity is associated with an increase of life expectancy by 0.4 to 6.9 years. Eleven studies included confounding risk factors for mortality and revealed an increase in life expectancy by 0.4 to 4.2 years with regular physical activity. Eleven case control studies on life expectancy in former athletes revealed consistently greater life expectancy in aerobic endurance athletes but inconsistent results for other athletes. None of these studies considered confounding risk factors for mortality. In conclusion, while regular physical activity increases life expectancy, it remains unclear if high-intensity sports activities further increase life expectancy.