Fins as Mechanosensors for Movement and Touch-Related Behaviors
Fins as Mechanosensors for Movement and Touch-Related Behaviors
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DOI：
10.1093/icb/icy065
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发表时间：
2018-11-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Hale, Melina E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aiello, Brett R.;Hardy, Adam R.;Hale, Melina E.
机械感觉是动物的普遍特征，对动物的行为至关重要，它允许检测动物自身的身体运动和位置以及环境的物理特征。鱼类物种间存在着非凡的形态和行为多样性，这为鳍的比较机械感觉研究提供了丰富的机会。鱼类的鳍已被发现作为本体感受器，通过提供关于鳍射线位置和运动的反馈，并作为触觉传感器，通过编码施加到鳍面的压力。在不同种类的鱼和鳍之间，传入反应非常一致，这表明鳍射线和膜感知变形的能力是鱼鳍的基本特征。虽然鳍机械感觉在特定的、通常是高度专业化的物种中已知已有数十年，但直到最近十年，我们才探索典型推进鳍中的机械感觉，并考虑其在行为中的作用，特别是运动。在本文中，我们综合了目前对鳍机械传感的解剖学和生理学的了解，并展望了重点研究方向。我们认为，从机械传感的角度来研究基于鳍的推进和其他鳍驱动的行为，应该在解释鳍的形态和行为时加以考虑。此外，我们还将鱼类鳍的机械感觉系统与哺乳动物的肢体和昆虫的翅膀进行了比较，以确定共同的机械感觉策略，以及不同的生物是如何进化来应对相似的功能挑战的。最后，我们讨论了了解鳍传感器的生物组织和功能如何为工程鳍和鳍驱动机器人的控制系统设计提供指导。
Mechanosensation is a universal feature of animals that is essential for behavior, allowing detection of animals' own body movement and position as well as physical characteristics of the environment. The extraordinary morphological and behavioral diversity that exists across fish species provide rich opportunities for comparative mechanosensory studies in fins. The fins of fishes have been found to function as proprioceptors, by providing feedback on fin ray position and movement, and as tactile sensors, by encoding pressures applied to the fin surface. Across fish species, and among fins, the afferent response is remarkably consistent, suggesting that the ability of fin rays and membrane to sense deformation is a fundamental feature of fish fins. While fin mechanosensation has been known in select, often highly specialized, species for decades, only in the last decade have we explored mechanosensation in typical propulsive fins and considered its role in behavior, particularly locomotion. In this paper, we synthesize the current understanding of the anatomy and physiology of fin mechanosensation, looking toward key directions for research. We argue that a mechanosensory perspective informs studies of fin-based propulsion and other fin-driven behaviors and should be considered in the interpretation of fin morphology and behavior. In addition, we compare the mechanosensory system innervating the fins of fishes to the systems innervating the limbs of mammals and wings of insects in order to identify shared mechanosensory strategies and how different organisms have evolved to meet similar functional challenges. Finally, we discuss how understanding the biological organization and function of fin sensors can inform the design of control systems for engineered fins and fin-driven robotics.