Activated proto-onc genes: sufficient or necessary for cancer?
Activated proto-onc genes: sufficient or necessary for cancer?
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激活的原癌基因：对于癌症来说是充分的还是必需的？
DOI：
10.1126/science.3992240
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发表时间：
1985
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Duesberg,PH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Duesberg,PH
原癌基因是与逆转录病毒转化基因相关的正常细胞基因。由于这种关系，这些基因现在被广泛认为是潜在的癌症基因。在一些肿瘤中，原癌基因比正常细胞中突变或表达更多。在这些情况下，原癌基因被假设为两种可能的方式之一的活性癌症基因：一个基因一个癌症假说表明，一个激活的原癌基因足以导致癌症。多基因-一癌症假说表明，激活的原癌基因是癌症的必要原因，但不是充分原因。然而，突变的或转录激活的原癌基因并不总是与偶尔发现它们的肿瘤相关，并且不转化原代细胞。此外，还没有从肿瘤中分离出一组活化的原癌基因和具有转化功能的互补癌基因。因此，仍然没有证据表明激活的原癌基因足以或甚至是导致癌症所必需的。
Proto-onc genes are normal cellular genes that are related to the transforming (onc) genes of retroviruses. Because of this relationship these genes are now widely believed to be potential cancer genes. In some tumors, proto-onc genes are mutated or expressed more than in normal cells. Under these conditions, proto-onc genes are hypothesized to be active cancer genes in one of two possible ways: The one gene-one cancer hypothesis suggests that one activated proto-onc gene is sufficient to cause cancer. The multigene-one cancer hypothesis suggests that an activated proto-onc gene is a necessary but not a sufficient cause of cancer. However, mutated or transcriptionally activated proto-onc genes are not consistently associated with the tumors in which they are occasionally found and do not transform primary cells. Further, no set of an activated proto-onc gene and a complementary cancer gene with transforming function has yet been isolated from a tumor. Thus, there is still no proof that activated proto-onc genes are sufficient or even necessary to cause cancer.