Why mitochondrial genes are most often found in nuclei
Why mitochondrial genes are most often found in nuclei
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DOI：
10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026376
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发表时间：
2000-06-01
影响因子：
10.7
通讯作者：
Kurland, CG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Berg, OG;Kurland, CG
线粒体的繁殖和功能所需的蛋白质中只有很小一部分是由它们的基因组编码的，而核基因编码了绝大部分。我们研究了当转移机制介导这种交换时，基因在两个基因组之间的迁移。我们可以计算差异突变率以及偏置转移率对两个基因组之间基因分配的影响。我们观察到单倍体和二倍体细胞群体的分裂没有显著差异，但细胞群体的有效大小是重要的。对于无限大的有效种群，线粒体中的突变率要高于核基因组中的突变率，才能将线粒体基因驱动到核基因组中。在有限种群的更现实的情况下，有利于细胞核的基因转移和/或线粒体中较高的突变率将驱使线粒体基因向细胞核转移。我们总结了实验数据，确定了一个基因转移过程中，有利于线粒体基因的积累在现代细胞核的液泡介导。最后，我们比较了线粒体基因的行为，其中转移到细胞核是中性的或受净化选择的影响。
A very small fraction of the proteins required for the propagation and function of mitochondria are coded by their genomes, while nuclear genes code the vast majority. We studied the migration of genes between the two genomes when transfer mechanisms mediate this exchange. We could calculate the influence of differential mutation rates, as well as that of biased transfer rates, on the partitioning of genes between the two genomes. We observe no significant difference in partitioning for haploid and diploid cell populations, but the effective size of cell populations is important. For infinitely large effective populations, higher mutation rates in mitochondria than in nuclear genomes are required to drive mitochondrial genes to the nuclear genome. In the more realistic case of finite populations, gene transfer favoring the nucleus and/or higher mutation rates in the mitochondrion will drive mitochondrial genes to the nucleus. We summarize experimental data that identify a gene transfer process mediated by vacuoles that favors the accumulation of mitochondrial genes in the nuclei of modern cells. Finally, we compare the behavior of mitochondrial genes for which transfer to the nucleus is neutral or influenced by purifying selection.