Matter-antimatter accounting, thermodynamics, and black-hole radiation
Matter-antimatter accounting, thermodynamics, and black-hole radiation
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物质-反物质核算、热力学和黑洞辐射
DOI：
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发表时间：
1979
期刊：
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通讯作者：
A. Zee
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Toussaint;S. Treiman;F. Wilczek;A. Zee
我们讨论了几个问题的关系上观察到的不对称性之间的物质和反物质的内容的宇宙，特别是，可能的作用，在这霍金辐射从黑洞，与津贴弱C-和T-违反相互作用。我们表明，辐射，物种的物种，可以是不对称的重子和反重子之间。然而，如果重子数在微观上是守恒的，那么在辐射中就不可能有重子数的净通量。黑洞对重子数为零的介质的吸收可以使介质进入非对称态。另一方面，如果重子守恒被破坏，净不对称性就会发展。这可以通过辐射粒子的不对称引力相互作用产生，也可以想象，通过不对称衰变的长寿命粒子的辐射产生。在没有微观重子守恒的情况下，不对称性也可以一般地由碰撞过程引起，比如说在整个宇宙的早期阶段。然而，只要重子破坏的相互作用处于热平衡状态，就不会出现不对称性（实际上，任何“初始”不对称性都被消除了），因为它们很可能处于非常早期宇宙的致密高温阶段。因此，只有当宇宙膨胀驱动的非平衡效应发挥作用时，粒子碰撞才能产生不对称性。超统一理论提出的重子数产生的方案进行了详细讨论。黑洞辐射是另一个高度非平衡的过程，在微观C、T和重子数破坏的情况下，它在产生不对称性方面非常有效。«少
We discuss several issues bearing on the observed asymmetry between matter and antimatter in the content of the universe, in particular, the possible role in this of Hawking radiation from black holes, with allowance for weak C- and T-violating interactions. We show that the radiation, species by species, can be asymmetric between baryons and antibaryons. However, if baryon number is microscopically conserved there cannot be a net flux of baryon number in the radiation. Black-hole absorption from a medium with net baryon number zero can drive the medium to an asymmetric state. On the other hand, if baryon conservation is violated, a net asymmetry can develop. This can arise through asymmetric gravitational interactions of the radiated particles, and conceivably, by radiation of long-lived particles which decay asymmetrically. In the absence of microscopic baryon conservation, asymmetries can also arise from collision processes generally,say in the early stages of the universe as a whole. However, no asymmetries can develop (indeed any 'initial' ones are erased) insofar as the baryon-violating interactions are in thermal equilibrium, as they might well be in the dense, high-temperature stages of the very early universe. Thus particle collisions can generate asymmetries only when nonequilibrium effects driven by cosmologicalmore » expansion come into play. A scenario for baryon-number generation suggested by superunified theories is discussed in some detail. Black-hole radiation is another highly nonequilibrium process which is very efficient in producing asymmetry, given microscopic C, T, and baryon-number violation.« less