DYNAMIC CHANGES IN THE RELATIONSHIP OF MICROGLIA TO CARDIOVASCULAR NEURONS IN RESPONSE TO INCREASES AND DECREASES IN BLOOD PRESSURE
DYNAMIC CHANGES IN THE RELATIONSHIP OF MICROGLIA TO CARDIOVASCULAR NEURONS IN RESPONSE TO INCREASES AND DECREASES IN BLOOD PRESSURE
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.04.044
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发表时间：
2016-08-04
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Pilowsky, Paul M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kapoor, Komal;Bhandare, Amol M.;Pilowsky, Paul M.
小胶质细胞存在于整个中枢神经系统(CNS)，并表达每一种已知神经递质的受体。在炎症期间，小胶质细胞转变为促进碎片清除的状态(M1)，或转变为促进舒缓的状态(M2)。脑干的尾侧和头端延髓腹外侧区(CVLM和RVLM)是参与心血管系统各个方面的关键核团。在这项研究中，我们研究了成年雄性SD大鼠脑干小胶质细胞在心血管控制中的新作用。在这里，我们发现，血压的升高和降低触发了脑干区小胶质细胞生理的警觉性，导致小胶质细胞的空间分布和与小胶质细胞末端突起接触的突触数量发生变化。急性高血压6h后，与小胶质细胞接触的突触数目在脑干、CVLm和RVLm区增加了约30%。急性降压6小时可使小胶质细胞在脑干的CVLM和RVLM核团中减少20%的突触接触。我们对小胶质细胞的形态特征以及M1和M2的表达水平的分析表明，诱导的小胶质细胞行为的变化不需要它们的形态发生任何明显的变化。综上所述，我们的研究结果表明，小胶质细胞在未受损伤的CNS自主神经核中发挥着新的、意想不到的生理作用；因此，我们推测，小胶质细胞与脑干心血管神经元协同作用，以维持它们处于生理接受状态。(C)2016年IBRO。爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
Microglia are present throughout the central nervous system (CNS) and express receptors for every known neurotransmitter. During inflammation, microglia change into a state that either promotes removal of debris (M1), or into a state that promotes soothing (M2). Caudal-and rostral-ventrolateral medullary regions (CVLM and RVLM, respectively) of the brainstem are key nuclei involved in all aspects of the cardiovascular system. In this study, we investigate a novel role for microglia in cardiovascular control in the brainstem of adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat. Here we show, that increases and decreases in blood pressure (BP) triggers alertness in the physiology of microglia in the brainstem region; inducing changes in microglial spatial distribution and the number of synapses in contact with microglial end processes. Following 6 h of acute hypertension, the number of synapses in contact with microglia increased by approximate to 30% in both regions of the brainstem, CVLM and RVLM. Induction of acute hypotension for 6 h causes microglia to reduce the number of synaptic contacts by >20% in both, CVLM and RVLM, nuclei of the brainstem. Our analysis of the morphological characteristics of microglia, and expression levels of M1 and M2, reveals that the changes induced in microglial behavior do not require any obvious dramatic changes in their morphology. Taken together, our findings suggest that microglia play a novel, unexpected, physiological role in the uninjured autonomic nuclei of CNS; we therefore speculate that microglia act cooperatively with brainstem cardiovascular neurons to maintain them in a physiologically receptive state. (C) 2016 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.