Privacy and security of patient data in the pathology laboratory.
Privacy and security of patient data in the pathology laboratory.
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DOI：
10.4103/2153-3539.108542
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Pantanowitz L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cucoranu IC;Parwani AV;West AJ;Romero-Lauro G;Nauman K;Carter AB;Balis UJ;Tuthill MJ;Pantanowitz L
数据保护和安全是常规病理学实践的关键组成部分，因为法律要求实验室安全地存储和传输电子患者数据。随着信息系统、实验室工作站和仪器本身与互联网的连接日益增加，持续保护和保障实验室信息的需求可能成为一项艰巨的任务。本文综述了病理学实验室中与密码、生物识别设备、数据加密、互联网安全、虚拟专用网络、防火墙、防病毒软件和紧急安全情况相关的信息安全问题，以及移动的设备等新技术对电子健康信息（ePHI）隐私和安全的潜在影响。在美国，《健康保险携带和责任法案》（Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act，HIPAA）管理医疗信息和健康记录的隐私和保护。HIPAA安全标准最终规则规定了行政、物理和技术保障措施，以确保ePHI的机密性、完整性和安全性。重要的是，安全故障通常会导致隐私泄露，也会调用HIPAA隐私规则。因此，本次审查还强调了HIPAA的关键方面及其对美国病理学实验室的影响。
Data protection and security are critical components of routine pathology practice because laboratories are legally required to securely store and transmit electronic patient data. With increasing connectivity of information systems, laboratory work-stations, and instruments themselves to the Internet, the demand to continuously protect and secure laboratory information can become a daunting task. This review addresses informatics security issues in the pathology laboratory related to passwords, biometric devices, data encryption, internet security, virtual private networks, firewalls, anti-viral software, and emergency security situations, as well as the potential impact that newer technologies such as mobile devices have on the privacy and security of electronic protected health information (ePHI). In the United States, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) govern the privacy and protection of medical information and health records. The HIPAA security standards final rule mandate administrative, physical, and technical safeguards to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and security of ePHI. Importantly, security failures often lead to privacy breaches, invoking the HIPAA privacy rule as well. Therefore, this review also highlights key aspects of HIPAA and its impact on the pathology laboratory in the United States.