Environmental regulations in shipping: Policies leaning towards globalization of scrubbers deserve scrutiny
Environmental regulations in shipping: Policies leaning towards globalization of scrubbers deserve scrutiny
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DOI：
10.1016/j.trd.2016.05.004
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发表时间：
2016-08
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
H. Lindstad;G. Eskeland
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Lindstad;G. Eskeland
硫氧化物 (SOx) 和氮氧化物 (NOx) 的排放法规是出于当地和区域环境中的健康和其他环境目标而制定的，而全球变暖问题则推动了二氧化碳 (CO2) 的政策。我们指出，国际海事组织 (IMO) 选择的方向——在全球范围内收紧硫氧化物和氮氧化物的限制——存在重大风险。首先，扩展到全球范围内，沿海排放控制区（北美和北欧的ECA）的现行法规所带来的环境效益可以忽略不计或产生负面影响，并增加了全球变暖的影响。其次，“末端”解决方案，例如净化和调整，成为主导反应，并且降低了能源效率。第三，采用这些末端解决方案可能会分散人们对开发清洁燃料和提高能源效率的注意力。一般来说，区分当地环境效益和全球环境效益很重要，我们的研究得出的结论是，就航运而言，这种区别可以更好地满足当地环境和全球气候的需求，并节省减排成本。
Emission regulations for Sulphur oxides (SOx) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) are motivated by health- and other environmental objectives in local and regional settings, while global warming concerns motivate policies for carbon dioxide (CO2). We point out that the direction chosen by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) – to tighten SOx and NOx limits globally – carries important risks. First, extending to a global setting the present regulations in coastal emission control areas (ECAs, in North America and Northern Europe) gives negligible or negative environmental benefits, and raises global warming impacts. Second, ‘end-of-pipe’ solutions, such as scrubbing and tuning, become dominant responses, and they reduce energy efficiency. Third, the adoption of these end-of-pipe solutions carry risks of deflecting attention from development of cleaner fuels and improving energy efficiency. Distinguishing local environmental benefits from global ones is important in general, and our research concludes that in the case of shipping, this distinction better serves the needs of the local environment, the global climate, and conserves on abatement costs.