Establishing remediation levels in response to a radiological dispersal event (or "'dirty bomb")
Establishing remediation levels in response to a radiological dispersal event (or "'dirty bomb")
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DOI：
10.1021/es034894
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发表时间：
2004-05-01
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Taboas, AL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Elcock, D;Klemic, GA;Taboas, AL
放射性消散装置的引爆可能造成重大的社会和经济损害，其程度在很大程度上将取决于建立清理水平的速度和效率以及公众对这些水平的接受程度。本文表明，当前的放射性清理法律法规、将剂量或风险目标转换为清理浓度的模型以及现有的特定地点标准并不是专门为RDD清理设计的，但如果没有变化，将默认适用。这些法律和方法结构的目标和方法经常相互冲突；利用它们来应对恐怖主义可能会破坏公众信心，造成拖延，并产生不必要的成本或不可接受的清理工作。RDD清理将涉及现有放射性清理框架中没有设想的直接优先事项，例如平衡辐射风险与获得维持社会所需的基础设施(如医院、桥梁、公用事业)所产生的健康、经济和其他社会影响。为最大限度地减少恐怖主义目标的实现，应对危险废物清理工作的要素--包括更新现有法律/监管结构，以澄清制定危险废物清理标准的联邦权力机构、目标和方法--必须尽快到位；鉴于问题的复杂性和潜在的社会影响，应加快这一努力。
The detonation of a radiological dispersal device (RDD) could produce significant social and economic damage, the extent of which would depend largely on how quickly and effectively cleanup levels were established and on public acceptance of those levels. This paper shows that current radiological cleanup laws and regulations, models for converting dose or risk goals to cleanup concentrations, and existing site-specific criteria were not designed specifically for RDD cleanups but, absent changes, would apply by default. The goals and approaches of these legal and methodological structures often conflict; using them in response to terrorism could undermine public confidence, cause delays, and produce unnecessary costs or unacceptable cleanups. RDD cleanups would involve immediate priorities not envisioned in the existing radiological cleanup framework, such as balancing radiation risks with the health, economic, and other societal impacts associated with access to the infrastructure necessary to sustain society (e.g., hospitals, bridges, utilities). To minimize the achievement of terrorism goals, the elements of an RDD cleanup response-including updating existing legal/regulatory structures to clarify federal authority, goals, and methods for developing RDD cleanup criteria-must be in place soon; given the complexity of the issues and the potential societal impact, this effort should be expedited.