Sex differences in the relation between prenatal maternal emotional complaints and child outcome
Sex differences in the relation between prenatal maternal emotional complaints and child outcome
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DOI：
10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2008.12.009
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发表时间：
2009-05-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
van Baar, Anneloes L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
de Bruijn, Anouk T. C. E.;van Bakel, Hedwig J. A.;van Baar, Anneloes L.
背景：在有关产前母体应激与子代结局关系的动物研究中发现了性别差异。这一领域的大多数人类研究都没有涉及性别差异，尽管男孩和女孩之间的差异可能会阐明其中涉及的生化和心理过程。母亲和父亲对学龄前儿童和学龄前儿童行为问题的评估分别针对男孩和女孩进行了研究。方法：健康的荷兰高加索单身儿童。孕妇(N=444)在怀孕的每三个月回答关于焦虑和抑郁的问卷。当他们的孩子(227名男孩，217名女孩)在14-54个月大时，父母双方都报告了他们目前的抑郁和焦虑情绪以及孩子的行为问题。结果：产前母亲的情绪抱怨在男孩和女孩中都与儿童行为问题有关，但方式不同。在怀孕的前三个月，产前母亲的情绪抱怨与男孩的行为问题有关。孕晚期情绪主诉与女孩行为问题的总体性、内部性和外部性有关。结论：孕期情绪主诉的性别差异和孕期主诉时机的信息在孕期主诉与胎儿结局关系的研究中应予以重视。(C)2008爱思唯尔爱尔兰有限公司。保留所有权利。
Background: Sex differences are found in animal studies concerning the relationship between prenatal maternal stress and outcome of the offspring. Most human studies in this field have not addressed sex differences, although differences between boys and girls may elucidate the biochemical as well as psychological processes involved. Associations between prenatal maternal emotional complaints and behavioural problems of toddlers and preschoolers as assessed by both mothers and fathers are studied separately for boys and girls.Methods: Healthy Dutch Caucasian singleton. pregnant women (N = 444) answered questionnaires about anxiety and depression in every trimester of pregnancy. When their children (227 boys, 217 girls) were between 14 and 54 months old, both parents reported on their current feelings of depression and anxiety and on the behavioural problems of their children.Results: Prenatal maternal emotional complaints were found to be associated with child behavioural problems both in boys and in girls, but in different ways. Prenatal maternal emotional complaints during the first trimester were associated with total and internalizing behavioural problems for boys. Emotional complaints during the third trimester were associated with total, internalizing, as well as externalizing behavioural problems for girls.Conclusions: Differentiation according to sex and information on timing of emotional complaints during pregnancy is needed in studies concerning the relation between prenatal maternal emotional complaints and child outcome. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.