Enhancement, ethics and society: towards an empirical research agenda for the medical humanities and social sciences.
Enhancement, ethics and society: towards an empirical research agenda for the medical humanities and social sciences.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1136/medhum-2015-010718
复制
发表时间：
2015-12
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
Hogle L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pickersgill M;Hogle L
一段时间以来，生物伦理学家一直密切关注与“增强”相关的问题;具体来说，适当使用和调节一些人所理解的物质和人工制品，以改善人体功能，超越与“正常”功能相关的功能。医学人文学者（除了哲学家和律师）和社会科学家并没有经常参与围绕增强的辩论，但可以在增强技术据称要引入的一系列困境和机会上发出明亮的光。在本文中，我们认为，实证研究的概念和实践的增强是必要的和及时的。这样的工作可以富有成效地参与和进一步发展现有的概念库在医学人文和社会科学的方式，将有利于学者在这些学科。我们认为，经验参与也可以提供重要的资源，生物伦理学家寻求规范新的增强方式，是敏感的社会背景和文化差异。为此，我们概述了一个实证议程，医学人文和社会科学周围的增强，特别强调如何科学和技术研究可以带来好处，并受益于在这一领域的研究。我们还使用（药物）认知增强的例子，以显示如何实际和可能的增强实践的实证研究可以细微差别共鸣的生物伦理学辩论。
For some time now, bioethicists have paid close attention to issues associated with ‘enhancement’; specifically, the appropriate use and regulation of substances and artefacts understood by some to improve the functioning of human bodies beyond that associated with ‘normal’ function. Medical humanities scholars (aside from philosophers and lawyers) and social scientists have not been frequent participants in debates around enhancement, but could shine a bright light on the range of dilemmas and opportunities techniques of enhancement are purported to introduce. In this paper, we argue that empirical research into the notion and practice of enhancement is necessary and timely. Such work could fruitfully engage with—and further develop—existing conceptual repertoires within the medical humanities and social sciences in ways that would afford benefit to scholars in those disciplines. We maintain that empirical engagements could also provide important resources to bioethicists seeking to regulate new enhancements in ways that are sensitive to societal context and cultural difference. To this end, we outline an empirical agenda for the medical humanities and social sciences around enhancement, emphasising especially how science and technology studies could bring benefits to—and be benefitted by—research in this area. We also use the example of (pharmaceutical) cognitive enhancement to show how empirical studies of actual and likely enhancement practices can nuance resonant bioethical debates.