Physiological tipping points in the relationship between foraging success and lifetime fitness of a long‐lived mammal
Physiological tipping points in the relationship between foraging success and lifetime fitness of a long‐lived mammal
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长寿哺乳动物觅食成功与终生健康之间关系的生理临界点
DOI：
10.1111/ele.14193
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Costa, Daniel P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Beltran, Roxanne S.;Hernandez, Keith M.;Condit, Richard;Robinson, Patrick W.;Crocker, Daniel E.;Goetsch, Chandra;Kilpatrick, A. Marm;Costa, Daniel P.
尽管人为变化通常是渐进的，但如果生理过程在能量获取、繁殖或生存之间产生临界点，对动物种群的影响可能会急剧变化。我们使用象海豹 25 年的行为、饮食和人口统计数据来描述它们与终生健康的关系。在幼崽季节之前的长时间觅食过程中，生存和繁殖随着体重的增加而增加，并且存在一个阈值，即体重增加 4.8%（26 公斤，从 206 公斤到 232 公斤）的个体一生的繁殖成功率增加了三倍（从 1.8 只到 4.9 只幼崽）。这是由于幼崽概率增加了一倍（30% 至 76%），繁殖寿命增加了 7%（6.0 至 6.4 年）。质量增加和繁殖之间的尖锐阈值可以解释在许多物种中观察到的繁殖失败，并表明人为干扰造成的猎物小幅逐渐减少可能对动物种群产生深远的影响。
Although anthropogenic change is often gradual, the impacts on animal populations may be precipitous if physiological processes create tipping points between energy gain, reproduction or survival. We use 25 years of behavioural, diet and demographic data from elephant seals to characterise their relationships with lifetime fitness. Survival and reproduction increased with mass gain during long foraging trips preceding the pupping seasons, and there was a threshold where individuals that gained an additional 4.8% of their body mass (26 kg, from 206 to 232 kg) increased lifetime reproductive success three‐fold (from 1.8 to 4.9 pups). This was due to a two‐fold increase in pupping probability (30% to 76%) and a 7% increase in reproductive lifespan (6.0 to 6.4 years). The sharp threshold between mass gain and reproduction may explain reproductive failure observed in many species and demonstrates how small, gradual reductions in prey from anthropogenic disturbance could have profound implications for animal populations.