EVOLUTION AND PHYLOGENETIC SIGNIFICANCE OF CARDIOIDEAN SHELL MICROSTRUCTURE (MOLLUSCA, BIVALVIA)
EVOLUTION AND PHYLOGENETIC SIGNIFICANCE OF CARDIOIDEAN SHELL MICROSTRUCTURE (MOLLUSCA, BIVALVIA)
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心形壳微结构的进化和系统发育意义（软体动物，双壳类）
DOI：
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发表时间：
2001
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
J. G. Carter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. A. Schneider;J. G. Carter
石炭纪和三叠纪permophorids的壳微结构;三叠纪和最近的carditids;泥盆纪，石炭纪和三叠纪crassatelloideans;和侏罗纪通过最近cardiideans检查在系统发育的背景下，使用单独的微结构和形态数据集，以及一个组合的数据集。显微结构和形态的数据集是显着不一致的，但合并的数据集表明，modiomorphoideans（modiomorphids和permophorids）是基础crassatelloideans; crassatelloideans是基础的carditids（包括Septocardia），和carditids是基础的心形。在另一方面，直接permophorid祖先的carditid-cardiid分支的可能性不能被排除，如permophorid的保留一样，在一些早期carditids和cardiids的matted（过渡nacreous-porcelaneous）结构的建议。在没有地层学数据和其他证据的系统发育关系，壳的微观结构提供了有限的潜力，以评估亚科水平的系统发育关系内的idea。这是因为反映骨折控制和耐磨性的生物力学适应的微结构收敛，也可能选择在热带，贫营养栖息地的分泌代谢经济。然而，心形壳微结构的总体演化趋势是明显的：白垩纪心形壳完全取代了其内壳层中的原始层状、网状结构，演化出更好的CL结构，壳缘反射更强，原始棱柱形外壳层厚度增加或二次损失;在Protocardia（Pachycardia）stantoni中，增加了诱导沉积。一些新生代心形然后演变成更广泛的第一阶交叉纹层，非齿状复合棱柱，复合纤维棱柱，个体发育淹没的少年非齿状复合棱柱外壳层到CL中间壳层，或个体发育淹没的少年纤维棱柱外壳层的内部到CL中间壳层。壳的微观结构的Hemidonax donaciformis是不寻常的cardiidean，并建议更密切的亲和力与超家庭Tellinoidea比超家庭的cardiidea。广泛的感应存款在Protocardia（Pachyelia）stantoni提出的可能性，光合共生演化之间的一些中生代成员的Protocardiinae，从而增加了这种功能已经独立地在Cardidae几次进化的可能性。骨水泥，石灰质的骨膜颗粒或刺已知出现在modiolopsoideans，mytiloideans，modiomorphids，permophorids，trigonioids，astartids，cardiids，myoids，pholadomyoids和septibranchoids中。因此，这些结构的存在并不一定表明异常连丝动物的亲缘关系密切。
Abstract The shell microstructure of Carboniferous and Triassic permophorids; Triassic and Recent carditids; Devonian, Carboniferous, and Triassic crassatelloideans; and Jurassic through Recent cardioideans is examined in a phylogenetic context, using separate microstructural and morphologic data sets, as well as a combined data set. The microstructural and morphologic data sets are significantly incongruent, but the combined data set suggests that modiomorphoideans (modiomorphids and permophorids) are basal to crassatelloideans; crassatelloideans are basal to carditids (including Septocardia), and carditids are basal to cardiids. On the other hand, the possibility of direct permophorid ancestry for the carditid-cardiid clade cannot be excluded, as suggested by the retention of permophorid-like matted (transitional nacreous-porcelaneous) structure in some early carditids and cardiids. In the absence of stratigraphic data and other evidence for phylogenetic relationships, shell microstructure offers limited potential for assessing subfamily-level phylogenetic relationships within the Cardioidea. This is because of microstructural convergences reflecting biomechanical adaptations for fracture control and abrasion resistance, and possibly also selection for metabolic economy of secretion in tropical, oligotrophic habitats. General evolutionary trends in cardiid shell microstructure are nevertheless apparent: Cretaceous cardiids completely replaced an ancestral laminar, matted structure in their inner shell layer with non-laminar porcelaneous structures; evolved better defined CL structure, stronger reflection of the shell margins, and increased thickness or secondary loss of the ancestral prismatic outer shell layer; and, in Protocardia (Pachycardium) stantoni, added inductural deposition. Some Cenozoic cardiids then evolved wider first-order crossed lamellae, non-denticular composite prisms, composite fibrous prisms, ontogenetic submergence of a juvenile non-denticular composite prismatic outer shell layer into the CL middle shell layer, or ontogenetic submergence of the inner part of a juvenile fibrous prismatic outer shell layer into the CL middle shell layer. The shell microstructure of Hemidonax donaciformis is unusual for a cardioidean, and suggests closer affinities with the superfamily Tellinoidea than with the superfamily Cardioidea. Extensive inductural deposits in Protocardia (Pachycardium) stantoni raise the possibility that photosymbiosis evolved among some Mesozoic members of the Protocardiinae, thereby increasing the likelihood that this feature has evolved several times independently in the Cardiidae. Cemented, calcareous periostracal granules or spines are known to occur in modiolopsoideans, mytiloideans, modiomorphids, permophorids, trigonioids, astartids, cardiids, myoids, pholadomyoids, and septibranchoids. Consequently, the presence of these structures is not necessarily indicative of close anomalodesmatan affinities.