Intrinsic pacemaker activity and propulsive forces provided by the myosalpinx are necessary for egg and embryo transport in the oviduct.
Intrinsic pacemaker activity and propulsive forces provided by the myosalpinx are necessary for egg and embryo transport in the oviduct.
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输卵管内的起搏器活动和推进力是卵子和胚胎在输卵管中运输所必需的。
DOI：
10.1093/biolre/ioab209
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Sanders,KentonM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ward,SeanM;Hwang,SungJin;Yan,Wei;Offermanns,Stefan;Sanders,KentonM
输卵管或输卵管对早期胚胎的正常受精和发育至关重要；然而，人们对它们的功能仍然知之甚少。输卵管促进了几个生理过程，包括(i)卵子从卵巢运输到受精部位[1]，（ii）帮助精子运输到受精部位[2]，（iii）为卵子提供合适的环境并保护卵子免受机械损伤[3]，（iv）维持卵子的活力[3]，(v)早期胚胎及时运输到子宫进行着床[4]。破坏输卵管正常功能的病理生理状况常常导致严重的健康问题，包括不孕症、异位妊娠、早期胚胎发育失败和随后的胚胎丢失。因此，输卵管对于女性的正常生育是必不可少的。在Bianchi等人最近的一项研究中，作者提供的证据表明，缺乏孤儿粘附g蛋白偶联受体Adgrd1 （GPR133）的雌性小鼠是不育的，因为它们不能解除壶腹-峡交界处（AIJ）的抑制机制，该机制将卵母细胞保持在AIJ，即受精部位。因此，胚胎被不恰当地保留在输卵管内。作者报道，Adgrd1在输卵管上皮中表达，并提示该蛋白的缺失导致排卵后输卵管液流动失调。本文提供的模型（Bianchi et al.[5]的图6）表明，卵丘-卵母细胞复合体（COC）沿着壶腹运输到AIJ是通过输卵管纤毛向子宫跳动的作用发生的。该模型反映了文献中的结论，即卵子/胚胎的运输取决于输卵管上皮中运动纤毛的跳动。纤毛的跳动被认为产生了携带卵子沿输卵管流动的电流[1,6,7]。
Oviducts or fallopian tubes are essential for normal fertilization and development of the early embryo; however, their functions are still poorly understood. Oviducts facilitate several physiological processes including (i) transport of the ovum from the ovary to the site of fertilization [1],(ii) aiding the transport of spermatozoa to the site of fertilization [2],(iii) providing a suitable environment for ova and protection from mechanical damage [3],(iv) the maintenance of viability of ova [3], and (v) timely transport of the early embryo to the uterus for implantation [4]. Pathophysiological conditions that disrupt the normal functions of the oviduct often lead to serious health problems, including infertility, ectopic pregnancy, failed early embryonic development, and subsequent loss of embryos. Thus, the oviduct is essential for normal female fertility.In a recent study by Bianchi et al.[5], the authors provide evidence that female mice lacking the orphan adhesion G-protein coupled receptor Adgrd1 (GPR133) are sterile because they do not relieve an ampullary-isthmus junction (AIJ) restraining mechanism that holds oocytes at the AIJ, the site of fertilization. Consequently, embryos are retained inappropriately within the oviduct. The authors report that Adgrd1 is expressed in the oviductal epithelium and suggest that loss of this protein leads to dysregulation of postovulatory tubal fluid flow. The model provided in this paper (Figure 6 in Bianchi et al.[5]) suggests that transport of the cumulus-oocyte complex (COC) along the ampulla to the AIJ occurs through the action of oviductal cilia beating toward the uterus. This model reflects the dogma in the literature that concludes that egg/embryo transport depends on the beating of motile cilia in the oviductal epithelium. The beating of cilia is thought to create currents that carry ova along the oviduct [1, 6, 7].