The Era of Cytotoxic CD4 T Cells.
The Era of Cytotoxic CD4 T Cells.
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DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2022.867189
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
在1986年，Mosmann和Coffman鉴定了活化的CD4 T细胞的两个功能不同的亚群，Th1和Th2细胞，在不同的T细胞介导的应答中是关键的。在过去的三十年中，我们的理解CD4 T细胞分化扩大和二分的CD4 T细胞家族的初始范式已经重新审视，以适应不断增长的数量的功能不同的CD4辅助性T细胞和调节亚群。值得注意的是，具有细胞毒性功能的CD4 T细胞也已被描述，最初在病毒感染、自身免疫性疾病中，最近也在癌症环境中。在这里，我们提供了一个历史性的概述细胞毒性CD4 T细胞的发现和表征，其次是其细胞毒性机制的描述。我们强调这些细胞在疾病中的相关性，特别是在癌症中，我们提供了关于如何在免疫治疗中利用这些细胞的见解。
In 1986, Mosmann and Coffman identified 2 functionally distinct subsets of activated CD4 T cells, Th1 and Th2 cells, being key in distinct T cell mediated responses. Over the past three decades, our understanding of CD4 T cell differentiation has expanded and the initial paradigm of a dichotomic CD4 T cell family has been revisited to accommodate a constantly growing number of functionally distinct CD4 T helper and regulatory subpopulations. Of note, CD4 T cells with cytotoxic functions have also been described, initially in viral infections, autoimmune disorders and more recently also in cancer settings. Here, we provide an historical overview on the discovery and characterization of cytotoxic CD4 T cells, followed by a description of their mechanisms of cytotoxicity. We emphasize the relevance of these cells in disease conditions, particularly in cancer, and we provide insights on how to exploit these cells in immunotherapy.