Byproducts of inflammatory radical metabolism provide transient nutrient niches for microbes in the inflamed gut.
Byproducts of inflammatory radical metabolism provide transient nutrient niches for microbes in the inflamed gut.
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炎症自由基代谢的副产物为发炎肠道中的微生物提供短暂的营养生态位。
DOI：
10.1101/2023.12.08.570695
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Andrews-Polymenis,He
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Spiga,Luisella;Winter,MariaG;Muramatsu,MatthewK;Rojas,VivianK;Chanin,RachaelB;Zhu,Wenhan;Hughes,ElizabethR;Taylor,SavannahJ;Faber,Franziska;Porwollik,Steffen;Carvalho,TatianeF;Qin,Tian;Santos,RenatoL;Andrews-Polymenis,He
路易斯·巴斯德关于酒石酸的实验为我们理解分子手性奠定了基础，但主要问题仍然存在。通过比较自然生成的酒石酸和化学合成的对酒石酸的旋光度，巴斯德认识到自然生成的酒石酸只含有L-酒石酸，而对酒石酸是由D-和L-酒石酸的外消旋混合物组成的。奇怪的是，D-酒石酸没有已知的天然来源，但有几种肠道细菌专门降解D-酒石酸。在这里，我们研究了炎症活性氧和氮物种对单糖的氧化作用。我们发现，这个反应产生了一系列的α-羟基羧酸，包括酒石酸异构体。利用炎症衍生的D-和L-酒石酸促进鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的定植。结肠结肠炎小鼠模型。我们的发现表明，炎性自由基代谢的副产品，如酒石酸盐和其他α-羟基羧酸，为肠道病原体和其他潜在有害细菌创造了瞬时的营养生态位。此外，这项工作表明，炎性自由基会产生大量分子，其中一些可能被错误地认为是异物。
Louis Pasteur’s experiments on tartaric acid laid the foundation for our understanding of molecular chirality, but major questions remain. By comparing the optical activity of naturally-occurring tartaric acid with chemically-synthesized paratartaric acid, Pasteur realized that naturally-occurring tartaric acid contained only L-tartaric acid while paratartaric acid consisted of a racemic mixture of D- and L-tartaric acid. Curiously, D-tartaric acid has no known natural source, yet several gut bacteria specifically degrade D-tartaric acid. Here, we investigated the oxidation of monosaccharides by inflammatory reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. We found that this reaction yields an array of alpha hydroxy carboxylic acids, including tartaric acid isomers. Utilization of inflammation- derived D- and L-tartaric acid enhanced colonization bySalmonellaTyphimurium andE. coliin murine models of gut inflammation. Our findings suggest that byproducts of inflammatory radical metabolism, such as tartrate and other alpha hydroxy carboxylic acids, create transient nutrient niches for enteric pathogens and other potentially harmful bacteria. Furthermore, this work illustrates that inflammatory radicals generate a zoo of molecules, some of which may erroneously presumed to be xenobiotics.