Immune surveillance in the skin: mechanisms and clinical consequences.
Immune surveillance in the skin: mechanisms and clinical consequences.
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DOI：
10.1038/nri1310
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发表时间：
2004-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Fuhlbrigge RC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kupper TS;Fuhlbrigge RC
皮肤，连同其他上皮细胞与敌对环境的界面，支持一系列被动和主动免疫防御机制。皮肤免疫应答作为研究先天性和获得性免疫机制之间相互作用的模型。适应性免疫监视通过在免疫应答的不同阶段使用不同的归巢机制（称为初级、二级和三级免疫监视）来解决将初始、效应和记忆T细胞靶向其各自的功能位点的后勤挑战。初级免疫监视涉及组织树突状细胞被诱导以吞噬外来颗粒、经历成熟并通过传入淋巴管迁移到局部引流淋巴结的过程，其中它们遇到从外周循环募集的幼稚T细胞。这大大提高了幼稚T细胞暴露于由专职抗原呈递细胞呈递的抗原的效率。次级免疫监视涉及抗原特异性效应记忆T细胞的产生和分布，所述T细胞表达引导其迁移回到引流淋巴结的组织的归巢受体，在所述淋巴结中发生活化并参与基于组织的免疫应答。具有抗原和组织特异性的记忆T细胞的持久性还通过提供抗原特异性效应细胞群来保护未来可能遇到的相同病原体，所述抗原特异性效应细胞群预先靶向暴露于该病原体可能最有可能复发的部位。三级免疫监视涉及产生中枢记忆细胞和效应细胞，这些细胞可能直接作用于淋巴结和组织，而不是主要接触部位，从而在通过不同途径遇到病原体的情况下提供广泛的覆盖。这些概念的理解炎症性皮肤疾病和抗肿瘤和抗病原体疫苗策略的发展有影响。皮肤作为身体和环境之间的主要界面，提供了抵御各种微生物病原体和创伤的第一道防线。除了作为物理屏障的特性外，皮肤还具有许多积极的防御机制。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了先天性和适应性免疫系统之间的相互作用，在皮肤作为一个模型，在上皮细胞界面的免疫功能与环境。这些机制如何解释皮肤免疫监视的强大性质，以及它们的失调如何驱动炎症性皮肤病和皮肤肿瘤的发病机制是本次审查的主题。
The skin, together with other epithelial-cell interfaces with a hostile environment, supports a range of passive and active immune defence mechanisms. Cutaneous immune responses serve as a model for the study of interactions between innate and acquired immune mechanisms. Adaptive immune surveillance addresses the logistical challenge of targeting naive, effector and memory T cells to their respective sites of function by using distinct homing mechanisms at different stages of the immune response, termed primary, secondary and tertiary immune surveillance. Primary immune surveillance involves the process by which tissue dendritic cells are induced to engulf foreign particles, undergo maturation and emigrate through the afferent lymphatics to the local draining lymph node, where they encounter naive T cells recruited from the peripheral circulation. This greatly increases the efficiency with which naive T cells are exposed to antigens presented by professional antigen-presenting cells. Secondary immune surveillance involves the production and distribution of antigen-specific effector memory T cells that express homing receptors that direct their migration back to the tissue draining the lymph node where activation occurred and their participation in tissue-based immune responses. The persistence of memory T cells with both antigen and tissue specificity also protects against possible future encounters with the same pathogen, by providing a population of antigen-specific effector cells pre-targeted to the site where exposure to that pathogen might most probably recur. Tertiary immune surveillance involves the production of central memory and effector cells potentially directed to lymph nodes and tissues other than the site of primary exposure, providing broad coverage in the event that the pathogen is encountered through a different route. These concepts have implications for the understanding of both inflammatory skin disorders and the development of antitumour and antipathogen vaccine strategies. The skin, as the primary interface between the body and the environment, provides the first line of defence against a broad array of microbial pathogens and trauma. In addition to its properties as a physical barrier, the skin has many active defence mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the interaction between the innate and adaptive immune systems in the skin as a model for immune function at epithelial-cell interfaces with the environment. How these mechanisms account for the robust nature of cutaneous immune surveillance and how their dysregulation drives the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin disorders and skin-based tumours are the subjects of this review.
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影响因子：
3.3
作者：
CLARK, WH;ELDER, DE;VANHORN, M
通讯作者：
VANHORN, M
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Campbell, JJ;Murphy, KE;Wu, LJ
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Wu, LJ
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Brightbill, HD;Libraty, DH;Modlin, RL
通讯作者：
Modlin, RL
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Aliprantis, AO;Yang, RB;Zychlinsky, A
通讯作者：
Zychlinsky, A
影响因子：
10.3
作者：
CLARK, WH;ELDER, DE;HALPERN, AC
通讯作者：
HALPERN, AC